The temporal lens · era 3 of 5
Walls, forts and roads from the northern edge of the Roman world.
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Rough Castle is one of the best-preserved forts on the Antonine Wall, retaining the defensive landscape of Rome’s short-lived northern frontier and…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
The Romans built a stone-and-turf fortification, the Antonine Wall, between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth between AD 142 and 144 under…
Carved stone · Prehistoric
Falkirk
Tappoch Broch is a scheduled stone tower dating from from about 800 BC until the Romans came, whose surviving chamber, staircase and recent conserv…
Settlement · Prehistoric
East Lothian
The hill was already a place of burial by around 1500 BC and shows evidence of occupation and ramparts after 1000 BC; the ramparts were rebuilt and…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Cheshire
This Grade I listed Chester building (protected for its special architectural or historic interest) combines a surviving Roman underfloor-heating s…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Aesica is a compact Hadrian’s Wall fort whose water system, defences, garrisons, and excavated buildings reveal Roman frontier engineering in unusu…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A high-status Roman house on the road to Catterick that no one knew existed until a bypass survey found it in 2013: and most of it still lies unexc…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The site has yielded more Roman altars than any other in Britain, stone records of religious life left by soldiers stationed at the empire's north-…
Building or ruin · Roman
Oxfordshire
Fields near Wendlebury conceal one of the earliest legionary fortresses built in Britain after the AD 43 invasion, commanded by the future emperor…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
A carbon-dated wooden shovel and a buried hoard of Roman coins pushed this copper working's story back nearly four thousand years, from Victorian t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Oxfordshire
Low banks behind Ashdown Park enclose a small prehistoric (before written records reached Britain) site later tied to Alfred's legend. Alfred's Cas…
Building or ruin · Roman
cumbria
A lakeside fort held for close to three centuries, where a tombstone records a man killed inside the walls and 800 metal finds hint at the battle t…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
A gladiatorial arena for thousands of spectators survives beneath a modern civic plaza, its curved outline still traced in the paving above.
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
A cemetery of more than 250 Roman burials, including 11 stone sarcophagi, sits beneath a Lincolnshire village whose Latin name was never securely r…
Building or ruin · Roman
East Sussex
Its walls sheltered William the Conqueror's army the night before Hastings in 1066: a single site spanning Roman, Saxon, Norman and Second World Wa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
A hydraulic engineering solution so unusual: two water-filled iron tanks counterbalancing each other on buried rams: that it survives as one of onl…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
The Antonine Wall was Rome’s short-lived northern frontier, joining nineteen forts to carved distance slabs whose paint, imagery and military messa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
About a million litres of warm mineral water rise each day from roughly a kilometre below the ground at Buxton, emerging at a steady 27 °C. The Rom…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
Around 130 sheets of lead, scratched with curses and folded shut, were dropped into a steaming spring here by people who believed the goddess in th…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
A supply fort above the mouth of the Tyne, four miles beyond the end of Hadrian's Wall, whose gravestones record a strikingly far-flung population.
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
Five ditches deep on two sides, and among the best-preserved Roman earthworks anywhere in the Empire.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
A thousand-strong Roman garrison once held this Pennine spur, and the same cohort's name turns up again on an altar stone far away at Hadrian's Wall.
Building or ruin · Roman
Herefordshire
Its waste heaps alone testify to an industrial scale rare in Roman Britain: furnace refuse still covering some 100 acres, built up over centuries o…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
A single limestone chamber near Brixham held Bronze Age (roughly 2500–800 BC) hearths, Roman burial urns and Nero's coins, then drew treasure-hunte…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Auchendavy was an Antonine Wall fort with an exceptional concentration of inscriptions, altars and military finds, despite severe damage from the F…
Fortified place · Roman
Moray
Auchinhove is a large Roman marching camp east of Keith, discovered from the air in 1949 and preserving evidence of Roman military movement in Moray.
Fortified place · Roman
Dorset
Badbury Rings preserves early burial mounds, a large defended settlement, Roman activity and later reuse on a chalk ridge above the Stour valley.
Building or ruin · Roman
Warwickshire
A moated recusant manor where Nicholas Brome’s reputed murder of a priest was followed by rebuilding St Michael’s as penance, leaving defensive fab…
Building or ruin · Roman
Essex
Balkerne Gate is the largest surviving Roman gateway in Britain, a monumental four-entrance approach to Camulodunum that preserves the scale and ci…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Balmuildy is one of only two Antonine Wall forts known to have stone ramparts, with excavated baths, inscriptions and objects now held in Glasgow’s…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northamptonshire
A ploughed field straddling the parishes of Norton and Whilton in Northamptonshire holds nothing obviously Roman above ground, yet beneath it lie t…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Bar Hill’s fort, bathhouse and deep well preserve unusually direct evidence of Antonine Wall garrison life, including shoes that may point to women…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
A Roman villa lies buried beneath its parkland, and the Georgian house standing above has stayed in the same family's hands since 1935.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cambridgeshire
The tallest of its four surviving mounds rises some 15 metres: the largest Roman burial mound known north of the Alps.
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
Defences around the city, Roman in origin and restored by the Anglo-Saxons.
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A first-century pediment carved by Gaulish craftsmen, found in 1790, whose central head has been read three different ways and settled as none of t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
A Roman road whose true line has to be pieced together from a scheduled earthwork, a buried stone road-bed under a Sheffield field, and a single mi…
Fortified place · Roman
Angus
Assessed to have sheltered 50,000 to 60,000 men, this is one of the largest Roman camps ever built in Scotland: a single night's stop on a campaign…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
Three sides of a Roman farm's courtyard still trace across a Yorkshire field, with one building's walls surviving in situ some seventeen centuries…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Bearsden preserves one of the Antonine Wall’s best-known military bathhouses, discovered beneath twentieth-century housing and now protected close…
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
A Roman fort north of Perth at the meeting of the Almond and the Tay.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
An outpost fort built as an irregular hexagon rather than the usual playing-card shape, garrisoned to watch the ground north of Hadrian's Wall and…
Sacred place · Roman
Northumberland
Biddlestone Chapel is a rare Catholic chapel built into a thirteenth-century pele tower, where medieval defence, Gothic Revival worship, and wartim…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
Coins from the late 4th century found here are rare direct evidence of a large Roman townhouse still standing as imperial rule in Britain collapsed.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its granaries kept feeding a community for a century after Rome left Britain, the only stretch of the Wall where that continuity has been proven ar…
Fortified place · Roman
Suffolk
Four and a half miles of undated dyke running across the Suffolk breckland, from the Lark to the Icknield Way.
Building or ruin · Roman
Monmouthshire
Blestium beneath Monmouth combines one of Wales’s earliest Roman forts with a strategic Monnow-valley campaign base, later ironworking and evidence…
Sacred place · Roman
North Yorkshire
A single weathered stone on open moorland still carries a painted name, a Victorian carving, and a boundary role that has outlived every explanatio…
Fortified place · Roman
Northamptonshire
One of Britain's largest Iron Age hillforts lies beneath a working BBC transmitter mast: three thousand years of settlement crowned by shortwave br…
Fortified place · Roman
North Lanarkshire
Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort reveals how a crossing of the South Calder linked soldiers, cavalry, bathing and the wider Antonine frontier landscape.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
Five successive building phases traced beneath a school playing field, from a first-century timber house to a mosaic-floored stone villa with under…
Building or ruin · Roman
Isle of Wight
Brading Roman Villa preserves a richly mosaicked Isle of Wight estate whose long occupation, fire recovery and rare imagery reveal high-status life…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its red walls were quarried straight out of Hadrian's Wall, and the fort beneath it stood on the Stanegate (the Roman road running behind Hadrian's…
Building or ruin · Roman
Herefordshire
A hilltop enclosure raised by Iron Age (from about 800 BC until the Romans came) Britons was later occupied and rebuilt by Rome, its granary, offic…
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Branodunum is a major Roman Saxon Shore fort at Brancaster, built in the 230s to guard the Wash and connected with a large civilian settlement in I…
Building or ruin · Roman
East Riding of Yorkshire
A stolen Roman mosaic, rumoured to have been flown to America the night after its theft, has never resurfaced: leaving this villa's finest floor kn…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
An unwalled Roman town of at least thirty-six hectares that grew simply because two major roads crossed here: commerce and traffic, not defence, dr…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
Marconi set a wireless distance record over open sea from here in 1897, and the bouncing bomb was tested off the fort in the war.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Bremenium is a Roman outpost far north of Hadrian’s Wall whose preserved earthworks reveal how Dere Street was defended through changing imperial f…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lancashire
A cavalry fort on the Ribble whose garrison of Sarmatian horsemen from the Black Sea steppe left behind Roman Britain's most celebrated parade helmet.
Building or ruin · Roman
Ceredigion
Five inscribed stones name the actual Spanish cohort and centurions who built and garrisoned this fort: rare direct testimony from the men themselv…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Broadbury Castle is a scheduled Devon earthwork (earth moved and shaped into banks and ditches rather than built up in stone) whose square plan sup…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Six altars to the war-god Belatucadrus were found here, and a Roman tombstone still forms a ceiling slab inside the medieval castle built from the…
Building or ruin · Roman
Oxfordshire
Beneath a moated Tudor manor lies a high-status Roman villa with mosaic floors and heated rooms, found by a metal detectorist and excavated on tele…
Building or ruin · Roman
Herefordshire
Its rebuilt stone gateways, 22.3 metres wide, are the largest known at any Roman auxiliary fort in Britain: built for a cavalry garrison on a front…
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Burgh Castle is one of England’s nine Saxon Shore forts, with exceptionally high Roman walls, a contested post-Roman monastic interpretation, Norma…
Fortified place · Roman
Aberdeenshire
A Roman camp so faint on the ground that only a photograph taken from the air, in 1982, proved it had ever existed at all.
Building or ruin · Roman
Monmouthshire
A single legionary fortress helped pin down the conquest of the fiercely resistant Silures tribe, yet nothing of its ramparts, barracks or gates su…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lancashire
Burscough Roman fort is a major recent Lancashire discovery: a multi-phase auxiliary fort and later fortlet with evidence for long, intermittent oc…
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
Cade's Road takes its name not from a Roman engineer or emperor but from John Cade, a Durham antiquarian (an early collector-scholar of antiquities…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gwynedd
Caer Gai preserves a Roman road-junction fort whose walls, later Welsh literary associations and post-medieval (after about 1500) reuse reveal cent…
Fortified place · Roman
Isle of Anglesey
Caer Gybi is a rare Roman coastal fortlet at Holyhead whose substantial walls were reused for St Cybi’s monastery, linking late Roman defence with…
Fortified place · Roman
isle-of-anglesey
A double-banked enclosure on marshy ground west of Brynsiencyn where an 1865 dig found a Roman coin, a bronze brooch and Samian pottery: and, above…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A modest Lake District fell carries a Roman fort in its shadow and an earthwork (banks and ditches raised from the earth rather than quarried stone…
Fortified place · Roman
Newport
Caerleon is one of only three permanent legionary fortresses in Roman Britain, with unusually accessible remains of its baths, amphitheatre and bar…
Building or ruin · Roman
Powys
Two Roman forts of different generations at Caersws: one an oversized campaign camp in a bend of the Severn, the other a permanent fort with the vi…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
One of only six Roman towns in Britain that never grew into a medieval or modern town: its walls, amphitheatre and street grid survive under open f…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Alone among the forts of Hadrian's Wall it sits inside the Vallum rather than beside the Wall itself, and it has been argued: controversially: to b…
Building or ruin · Roman
Conwy
The largest Roman military installation in its area, placed at the lowest ford of the Conwy and occupied into the late fourth century.
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
At over 57 miles it is the longest artificial waterway the Romans built anywhere in Britain, longer even than their canals on the Continent: and ar…
Fortified place · Roman
Cardiff
Beneath the mock-medieval towers of Cardiff Castle lie the walls of a Roman fort whose original Latin name has never been settled. Candidates drawn…
Building or ruin · Roman
Perth and Kinross
A thirty-acre Roman fort at the meeting of the Tay and the Earn, held from the late second century into the early third.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Carrawburgh, Roman Brocolitia, is a Hadrian’s Wall fort whose civilian settlement and exceptional sanctuary group illuminate military life, religio…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
The pink mica-sandstone roof would have glittered against the green Derbyshire hills, marking out a stone building that otherwise resembled a large…
Building or ruin · Roman
Pembrokeshire
Excavated by Mortimer Wheeler in 1922, the earthwork (a bank or ditch dug and heaped from the ground itself, with no masonry) turned out to hide a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its west wall was raised eight feet thick on a natural cliff edge, prompting the archaeologist R. G. Collingwood to class it among the fortified ca…
Fortified place · Roman
West Lothian
One of the best-preserved Roman earthworks in Scotland: under an acre, with two ditches that were once fifteen feet deep.
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Castlecary Roman Fort anchors an Antonine Wall landscape where archaeological finds: altars, a bathhouse, children’s shoes and military inscription…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Castlehill marks an Antonine Wall fort whose surviving plantation masks important Sixth Legion distance slabs and evidence for the frontier’s const…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater Manchester
Castleshaw guarded a key Pennine pass on the Roman road between Chester and York, where a fort, later fortlet and civilian settlement reveal shifti…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its Latin name, Fortress of the Scouts, records a rare and specific Roman military role: this was the headquarters of the frontier's mounted reconn…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A fort turned civilian town at a crossroads of Roman military roads, its continuity traceable in name from Cataractonium through Bede's Cetrecht to…
Crossing or structure · Roman
North Yorkshire
Its north arch and parapets have been repaired over the centuries, yet the bridge has never once been strengthened, so it keeps more of its origina…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A Roman training ground rather than a frontier post: two forts and an oddly-planned camp built, some argue, purely to drill soldiers in the art of…
Sacred place · Roman
Somerset
A spring that has run at 25,000 gallons a day without once failing, through droughts, and stains everything it touches red.
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
The only amphitheatre in England at a lead mine: 32 metres by 24, its seating banks still standing 4.5 metres above the arena floor.
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A royal hunting lodge where the great council of England met three times in the tenth century: now marked out in concrete slabs on a school field.
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
A 2017 discovery showed new mosaic work here was laid after AD 424: proof that Roman-style luxury and craft skill persisted in Britain decades long…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
Britain's most complete Roman and medieval town wall circuit, still walkable almost end to end: a defence rebuilt, breached and patched across nine…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
Britain’s largest excavated Roman amphitheatre preserves the arena where Deva Victrix’s legionary city staged military display, ritual and public s…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
A short-lived Roman garrison gave a Derbyshire market town its very name, and its church spire has leaned crooked for so long the Devil is blamed f…
Building or ruin · Roman
Warwickshire
A Grade I windmill of 1632–33 carried on six stone arches, long claimed as an observatory: the estate accounts say otherwise.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Chew Green is a complex Roman military landscape on Dere Street near the Scottish border, preserving camps, fortlets, a fort, and a section of road…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
Entirely lost, with not even a Saxon place name to mark it, until aerial photographs of Milland in 1949 showed the outline of a Roman inn.
Building or ruin · Roman
Lancashire
Chingle Hall is a moated thirteenth-century manor near Preston, retaining its oak door and a sixteenth-century bridge across the surviving moat.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cornwall
A remarkably legible Romano-British (Britain under Roman rule, AD 43–410) farming village where rows of courtyard houses preserve the layout of a c…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
The second-largest amphitheatre in Roman Britain, built for a town second in size only to Londinium, later refortified as a Saxon-era stronghold.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
A river bend did the work of a rampart (the raised bank thrown up around a fortified enclosure) here: the promontory site was fortified twice over,…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Cleddans confirms the Antonine Wall’s system of small interval fortlets, while its richly carved legionary slabs record the construction and imager…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Excavation showed the fort was rebuilt twice: an earthwork enclosure replaced by a stone one: and its stones later resurfaced in a medieval castle…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Combs Ditch is a scheduled Dorset earthwork (a mound or ditch formed by moving soil, not by building) whose excavated sequence suggests an Iron Age…
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
A garrison of ex-soldiers left behind altars to war gods, sun gods, and Celtic deities alike, buried now beneath a modern town that grew directly o…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
A life-size head of the local god Antenociticus came out of a temple here in 1862, wearing a Celtic neck torc.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Coria was a key Roman fort and town at the meeting of Dere Street, the Stanegate (the Roman road running behind Hadrian's Wall), and the Tyne, wher…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
Its 2nd-century walls enclosed the second-largest city in Roman Britain, and its forum and basilica were bigger than any other in the province bar…
Fortified place · Roman
City of Edinburgh
Cramond Roman Fort preserves evidence of Rome's Antonine and Severan campaigns at the River Almond, including inscriptions, a long-used road and th…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
A working Roman farmhouse rebuilt across 260 years survives with its floors and heating intact, unearthed by accident beneath a council driveway me…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
Behind its carved brick front stands the finest surviving oak staircase of its kind in London, and for 74 years the house was the first Jewish-owne…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A bath fed by rain that fell on the Mendips and spent its journey four kilometres underground: and a royal birth that got a monument for it.
Fortified place · Roman
North Lanarkshire
Croy Hill is the Antonine Wall’s exceptional unditched sector, combining difficult geology, frontier forts, a bathhouse and rich religious finds.
Building or ruin · Roman
Wiltshire
A Roman crossroads town that spent lavishly on 4 m-thick walls and 17 towers at a time when almost no inland British settlement bothered to fortify…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Yorkshire
Anglo-Saxon builders put up their own structures here out of the villa's stone, and a grave of the seventh century was cut into the same ground.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
Excavations showed Roman Derby extended beyond the fort at Little Chester into a civilian settlement across the river, still lying buried beneath t…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A single altar and a unique inscription about an inherited goldsmith's shop are almost all that name the people who actually lived and worked insid…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
One fort site lived three separate military lives across nearly 300 years before becoming a walled industrial town supplying pottery, iron and lead…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
An oval building unlike any other found in the Roman Empire sat at its heart, and the fortress itself was built larger than York or Caerleon: hints…
Building or ruin · Roman
Carmarthenshire
The only confirmed Roman gold mines in Britain, worked with aqueducts run for miles to unleash sudden floods that stripped hillsides bare in search…
Building or ruin · Roman
Bedfordshire
A working sand pit that turned up a Roman well and pottery beneath it, then went on to expose one of the best geological cuttings through the Lower…
Fortified place · Roman
Stirling
A Flavian glen-blocker fort found from the air in the 1970s: and given a name chosen to be hard for the English to say.
Fortified place · Roman
Dorset
Dungeon Hill is a scheduled hillfort dating from roughly 800 BC until the Roman conquest, where a surviving rampart: a defensive bank of earth or s…
Fortified place · Roman
Aberdeenshire
The largest Roman marching camp yet found north of the Antonine Wall, revealed only by a chance aerial photograph after two millennia buried beneat…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cambridgeshire
For two centuries this garrison town by the Nene supplied fine tableware across Roman Britain, one of the few named pottery-producing towns to surv…
Building or ruin · Roman
Wiltshire
A vanished Roman road-town whose four centuries of continuous rebuilding, recovered layer by layer in digs from 1967 to 1976, gave archaeologists a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cambridgeshire
Its Roman perimeter survives not as ruins to visit but as a modern street plan: Mount Pleasant, Clare Street and Chesterton Lane trace the vanished…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
Eboracum grew from a Ninth Legion fortress into northern Roman Britain’s largest town and provincial capital, a place where emperors died and Const…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Eccles Roman Villa was an exceptionally large Medway Valley estate whose 135-plus rooms, mosaics, ornamental pool and repeatedly rebuilt bath suite…
Fortified place · Iron Age
City of Edinburgh
One of Scotland's most important strongholds and a seat of royal power for centuries, Edinburgh Castle claims to be the most besieged place in Grea…
Fortified place · Roman
Midlothian
Elginhaugh is the Roman Empire’s most completely excavated timber-built auxiliary fort, offering rare evidence for a short Flavian occupation, mixe…
Building or ruin · Roman
Wiltshire
A single road stitched together Gloucester, Cirencester and Silchester into one network, and a 2026 dig beneath the A417 showed the ground beside i…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
One stretch of this road ran so straight across Lincolnshire for thirty-three miles that Roman surveying and Anglo-Saxon settlement history can bot…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Exeter’s walls make nearly two millennia of urban defence walkable, retaining most of a Roman circuit repeatedly adapted by Anglo-Saxon, medieval a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Faversham Abbey was a royal Cluniac-style foundation and the burial place of King Stephen’s family; although largely destroyed at the Dissolution (…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Cambridgeshire
A 24-mile Roman road built up on gravel to cross open marshland, with a cut section still visible today at Flag Fen where it crosses a much older B…
Fortified place · Roman
Cambridgeshire
Radiocarbon dating shows the bank was built, abandoned and refortified across three separate phases: a frontier fought over repeatedly, not raised…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Folkestone Roman Villa records a high-status Channel-coast estate built over an Iron Age (the centuries before Rome arrived, from about 800 BC) que…
Building or ruin · Roman
Nottinghamshire
Foss Dyke lets you follow a Roman waterway kept useful by medieval kings and later engineers, linking Lincoln’s Brayford Pool to the Trent.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
A farmer's field near Hemel Hempstead once held the second-largest swimming pool in Roman Britain: outdone only by the great baths at Bath.
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Gayton Thorpe Roman Villa is a scheduled Norfolk villa complex, where mosaics, heated rooms and detached bathhouses reveal a substantial rural esta…
Crossing or structure · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Glasgow Bridge marks a largely invisible Antonine Wall fortlet known through aerial evidence, beside a canal crossing that now connects Kirkintillo…
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
The Romans pulled it down themselves when they left. Aerial photography found it again in 1983.
Fortified place · Roman
Dumfries and Galloway
Roughly seven acres of Roman fort lie buried on the eastern bank of the River Dee, opposite the hamlet of Glenlochar in the parish of Balmaghie. Fo…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
One of only a handful of coloniae in Roman Britain, and the likely provincial capital of Britannia Secunda: a rank Glevum shared only with York and…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
The playhouse built from another theatre stolen beam by beam over Christmas 1598: and found again under a Southwark car park in 1989.
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
Excavated, admired, then largely destroyed by rain and poor conservation within decades: its bath house mosaic and shrine room still survive to rew…
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
A rare dated boundary earthwork (banks and ditches raised from the earth rather than quarried stone) of the post-Roman centuries, cut across the ol…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Greyhound Yard preserves evidence of a late Stone Age timber henge: a prehistoric earthwork of bank and ditch enclosing a circular space, with the…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
The City of London's medieval civic heart, built over Britain's largest Roman amphitheatre and still used for ceremony, administration and public m…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
A working blast furnace of the 1620s survives here complete with its original lining and covered charging platform, called by specialists the oldes…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Habitancum is a repeatedly rebuilt Roman fort on Dere Street, whose surviving ditches and settlement traces record centuries of frontier instabilit…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Hadrian’s Wall was Rome’s most monumental frontier in Britain: a 73-mile system of walls, forts, milecastles, turrets, and controlled gates that re…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A 210-acre hillfort taken by the future emperor Vespasian around AD 45: and quarried ever since for the stone that bears its name.
Crossing or structure · Roman
Greater Manchester
Hanging Bridge is Manchester’s partly exposed 1421 medieval bridge, preserving a crossing over the former defensive watercourse now buried beneath…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman military road laid down around AD 110 still runs beneath a modern tarmac lane so steep it shares the title of England's toughest climb.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Hardknott’s dramatic mountain setting preserves an unusually complete Roman garrison, whose parade ground, workshops and rebuilt walls show how the…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Hembury is a rare Devon site with occupation spanning a Neolithic causewayed enclosure, an Iron Age hillfort: a defended hilltop settlement of the…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
Beneath a quiet Cheshire field lie a Roman quayside, a mass grave possibly tied to a 7th-century battle, and an earthwork (banks and ditches raised…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
A modern B-road that still runs, mile after mile, along the exact line Roman surveyors cut through Lincolnshire two thousand years ago, past the Ro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A 828-metre fell in the Lake District carries a Roman road along its very summit, sunk in a hollow rather than raised on a bank, still puzzling arc…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
Its buried pavement yielded one of only thirteen known Orpheus mosaics from Roman Britain, and one of just two found this far north.
Fortified place · Roman
Northumberland
Huckhoe Settlement records at least four occupation phases across more than a millennium, from one of the region’s earliest defended enclosures to…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Hunnum, or Halton Chesters, is a Hadrian’s Wall cavalry fort whose unusual L-shaped expansion and internal bath complex reveal changing garrison ne…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
A Roman underfloor heating system preserved exactly where excavators found it, and unlike its counterpart at Welwyn, one that warmed a house rather…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Yorkshire
Its Roman name is disputed. Ptolemy's Olikana may be corrupt, may belong to another fort entirely, or the place may have been called after the rive…
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
The only legionary fortress in the Roman empire whose complete plan survives: abandoned after four years, with 875,400 nails buried in a pit so the…
Fortified place · Roman
Moray
A Roman fortress whose longest day Ptolemy recorded as 18.5 hours, one of only four such observations he held from Britain.
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Inveravon is one of the Antonine Wall’s most uncertain fort sites, where limited excavation, geophysics and aerial photography reveal faint foundat…
Fortified place · Roman
East Lothian
Inveresk is a large Antonine-period fort with a civilian settlement, cavalry evidence and Britain’s earliest dated Mithraeum, making it one of Scot…
Fortified place · Roman
Angus
One of the smallest Roman installations in Scotland, grouped by archaeologists with Cargill II as the pair's most modest members rather than a majo…
Fortified place · Roman
Newport
Isca Augusta was the headquarters of the II Augusta legion at Caerleon, a rare largely undisturbed permanent Roman fortress whose name, successive…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Isca Dumnoniorum was Roman Exeter: a legionary fortress that became the Dumnonians’ civic capital and whose walls still shape the city.
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
One of Roman Britain's most northerly civitas capitals, its buried amphitheatre only came to light through a 2011 geomagnetic survey: and two of it…
Building or ruin · Roman
Leicestershire
Two great arched openings still stand to full height in a wall raised around 125 AD: among the largest surviving pieces of Roman civil architecture…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Jordan Hill Roman Temple is a compact Romano-Celtic sacred precinct above Bowleaze Cove, where temple remains, animal offerings, burials and a poss…
Crossing or structure · Roman
North Yorkshire
A working medieval river crossing raised directly over a Roman ford, its six stone arches have carried travellers across the Ure for close to nine…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
A working Roman road whose original engineering choices: kerbed gravel trenches, sand carriageway, deliberate north-south hauling of stone: can sti…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northamptonshire
Beneath the streets of modern Towcester lies a walled Roman roadside town whose shops, bathhouse and stone-towered defences grew directly from a si…
Fortified place · Roman
South Lanarkshire
A royal castle that gave Lanark its shape and then vanished entirely: leaving a hill, a name and a town plan.
Building or ruin · Roman
Lancashire
A single fragment of massive Roman wall, reused as the foundation stone of a name: Lancaster itself grew from the fort that once stood on this hill.
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
A Roman fort guarding the eastern gateway to the Stainmore Pass, later reoccupied so directly that a medieval castle rose inside its own perimeter…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman lookout tower whose stone walls, floor and even a soldier's skeleton lay hidden beneath a Cumbrian road until 1927, when excavation exposed…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Lees Hall Roman Camp is an unusually fortified temporary camp near Hadrian’s Wall, with an outer work suggesting repeated or extended military use…
Sacred place · Roman
County Durham
The carved lettering that gave this Anglo-Saxon cross its name survived a thousand years only to be chiselled away after 1966, leaving historians a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Staffordshire
A Roman posting station that outlived its own fortress, lost its bath house and inn to fire around 300, and gave the modern village its name - Wall…
Building or ruin · Roman
Wiltshire
A farmhouse that became a pagan temple: its Orpheus mosaic marks a religious cult centre built as Rome's empire turned against the old gods.
Building or ruin · Roman
Vale of Glamorgan
Two burials were dug straight through the tessellated pavement of rooms 8 and 9, and a contorted skeleton was found in the corridor.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
Excavation here traced five successive building phases on one plot, from a first-century round hut to a fourth-century villa, a rare stratified rec…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
London's most famous twentieth-century Roman discovery: a soldiers' mystery temple, displaced for development and returned to a site beneath the Bl…
Building or ruin · Roman
Surrey
Its final miles have never been pinned down: archaeologists still argue whether the road ended at Brighton or Portslade, making it one of the few m…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Derbyshire
A working packhorse road so steep that carters hung stones from their carts to brake the descent, and whose long-assumed Roman pedigree has since b…
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
Its water supply was so oversized for an ordinary fort that archaeologists suspect large-scale iron smelting lay behind it: one of Roman Britain's…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Lullingstone Roman Villa combines a high-status Darent Valley residence, major mythological mosaics and an exceptionally early British Christian ho…
Fortified place · Roman
Warwickshire
A Roman fort of unknown name on the south-eastern edge of Coventry, now open to the public.
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
Lydney Park brings together a Bathurst country estate and one of Britain’s most evocative Romano-Celtic temple complexes, where the cult of Nodens,…
Building or ruin · Roman
Herefordshire
Its Roman name outlived the town itself: the Mercian sub-kingdom that absorbed this ground, the Magonsaete, took its own name directly from Magnis.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
Derbyshire's last working lead mine, closed in 1958, survives with its Cornish engine house, twin chimneys and winding drum intact rather than demo…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Maiden Castle is Britain’s largest hillfort, a defended settlement on high ground, and a vast prehistoric, from before written records reached Brit…
Building or ruin · Roman
Neath Port Talbot
Margam Roman villa is evidence for the largest known Roman villa in Wales, preserved beneath an unploughed deer park within a wider historic estate.
Building or ruin · Roman
Nottinghamshire
Margidunum’s Fosse Way settlement outlived Roman rule by a century, preserving evidence for a frontier post that became a durable small town.
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Maumbury Rings is a rare Dorchester monument repeatedly reinvented: a late Stone Age enclosure, Roman amphitheatre, Civil War artillery fort, execu…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Midlands
Rebuilt four times in little more than a century, Metchley is among the most excavated Roman military sites in the Midlands, its full occupation st…
Ancient place · Roman
Hampshire
Beneath a beech wood William Cobbett once called one of England's finest oak stands, three millennia of land use survive intact: Bronze Age (roughl…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Tower Tye, reduced to an earth platform outlined by robber trenches: while eleven courses of Roman masonry still stand in its turret at Black Carts.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
At Limestone Corner, where Turret 30A sits forty metres from where measuring west would put it: evidence the turrets were set out first.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Beside the Carrawburgh car park, its north wall under the modern road; only the west wall has ever been found, and that was robbed out.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
What survives at Carraw is the shape of a building rather than the building: shallow trenches left by stone robbers, a low platform between them, a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Shield on the Wall is one of the few posts on this stretch where Roman stone is still uncovered: part of the north gate and wall, standing 1.2 metr…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Grindon itself has gone from view entirely, but the tower a short way west survives well enough to show a doorway with its threshold stone still in…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Sewingshields is one of the few posts on this frontier whose interior has been dug in depth: four successive phases of Roman building, with two med…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 36 shows how nineteenth-century stone robbery erased a Roman frontier post, leaving its excavated gateway sequence recoverable only thro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
This is one of the most complete of the small posts on the frontier: walls 2.2 metres high inside, a barrack block still standing a metre, and a no…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
The building inscription from Hotbank names the emperor Hadrian and Aulus Platorius Nepos together, tying this stretch of frontier to the governor…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Castle Nick is among the best preserved of the small frontier posts: an oven in one corner, a sunken-floored room in another, and an eighteenth-cen…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Winshields is a low mound of turf-covered rubble today, but when it was opened in 1908 the south wall was still standing ten courses high beneath it.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
A cottage built from this post's own Roman stone once stood on top of it, and the cottage has gone too.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Put on a steep slope below Cawfield Crags because the measurement said so: the clearest demonstration that the Wall was laid out by the rule, not t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Demolished by the Roman army itself: the fort of Aesica was built directly over it within about a decade.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 44 turns a few facing stones, a turf bank and a surviving road agger into evidence for the Wall’s supply system.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
A milecastle with no visible remains, its site a slight turf platform just west of the broad ditch and mounds behind the Wall.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 47 shows how nineteenth-century explosive quarrying reduced a Roman garrison post to a slight pasture platform, leaving its vanished fab…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its north-east corner still holds a flight of Roman stone steps, rare enough on Hadrian's Wall to let archaeologists calculate the actual height th…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Excavation here found an earlier turf-and-timber milecastle buried beneath the stone one: a rare surviving trace of Hadrian's Wall's first, tempora…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A stone milecastle that replaced an earlier turf-and-timber fort on a different footprint entirely: the only Turf Wall milecastle along the whole f…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Milecastle 50TW is the only turf-wall milecastle whose stone-built replacement was raised on an entirely different site, leaving its own buried foo…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A milecastle built twice: first in turf and timber, then rebuilt in stone with barracks for a garrison detachment: marking the exact seam where Had…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing of the milecastle itself survives above ground, yet the ground around it has given up altars to a local war god and a fragment naming Hadri…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The milecastle itself has vanished without trace, yet its paired turrets and, 80 metres away, one of the tallest surviving stretches of Hadrian's W…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Excavation found a stone milecastle built over an earlier turf-and-timber one, and a nearby stone records tribesmen rebuilding the Wall as late as…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A gate in the Roman frontier system has vanished into a pasture field, leaving only a slight rise in a hedgeline to mark where soldiers once contro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The milecastle itself has vanished entirely under a Cumbrian village, yet its two flanking watchtowers still leave traces in a nearby wood and rive…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A stone found among its ruins in 1853 named, in Latin, the exact Roman legion that built it: one of the few milecastles on Hadrian's Wall whose bui…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing rises above the pasture here, yet a 1981 geophysical survey confirmed the milecastle's south wall still lies intact underground, and two Ro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Part of a stretch of Hadrian's Wall whose turrets went unsought until 1961: a reminder that even a famous Roman frontier still hides points on the…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No wall or foundation has ever been uncovered here: the only evidence for this Roman garrison post is a patch of ground that behaved strangely unde…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing rises above the field today, yet nine test pits dug in 1999 found the original turf-and-timber milecastle surviving intact beneath its ston…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The clearest fact recorded about Milecastle 63 is not what survives here but how its location keeps being revised: a 1980 survey and a 2000 excavat…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No stonework rises above the turf here, yet buried foundations and cobbled flooring confirmed in 1976 still anchor this stretch of Hadrian's Wall t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The stones of its vanished bridge lie recovered from the riverbed, nearly a hundred blocks dredged from the Eden and now resting in a Carlisle park…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No masonry has ever been found at Milecastle 67: its position rests entirely on mathematical inference from the spacing of Hadrian's Wall's numbere…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No stone of it has ever been found, yet its position is known almost to the metre: a milecastle located entirely by mathematics, not masonry.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
One of the Hadrian's Wall milecastles that has never been pinned down on the ground: stones once mistaken for its remains turned out to belong to a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A frontier post so thoroughly stripped that its very footprint has eluded a modern geophysical survey, yet the ground around it has still given up…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Excavation here traced the milecastle's east wall to a possible interior building, one of the few points along this stretch of Hadrian's Wall where…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing of Milecastle 72 shows above the turf today, yet three separate digs pieced together a full building sequence from turf fort to stone, down…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing shows above the pasture today, yet a geophysical survey found an entire cluster of enclosures and a road pressed into the ground beside the…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
It stands in Burgh Marsh, a stretch of the Solway where no remains of Hadrian's Wall are known at all: so the milecastle is placed by measuring bac…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A gatehouse the Roman army certainly built and certainly manned, yet one that has left no trace at all: its site reconstructed only by counting mil…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its exact footprint has never been pinned down: a faint platform near Drumburgh may or may not be the milecastle at all, making this one of the Wal…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
One of the mile-spaced fortlets that studded Hadrian's Wall, yet unlike many neighbouring stations its exact footprint has never been pinned down o…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing stands above ground here, yet two seasons of excavation, 66 years apart, recovered the exact footprint of a Roman garrison post down to a b…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Excavated twice fifty years apart, this milecastle shows its own Roman rebuilding in section: a turf-and-timber fort raised on an artificial flood…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its exact site was never found - swallowed, most likely, by the very Roman fort that replaced it, with the sea perhaps finishing the job.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
First in the chain of milefortlets extending Hadrian's Wall's frontier along the Solway coast, its buried remains show three separate rebuildings d…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its exact location has never been confirmed by excavation: a Roman site inferred entirely from measurement, a phantom fort known only through the g…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman coastal defence whose exact position has never been pinned down: only calculated from the towers and ditches that survive around it.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
One link in a chain of small coastal forts that carried Hadrian's Wall's defences off the end of the Wall itself and down the Cumbrian shore.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The fortlet itself has never been found: a 1994 survey traced only a possible ditch, while its two flanking towers yielded a Hadrianic coin and Rom…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No trace of it survives above ground at all: its very existence is known only because it fits the mathematical rhythm of Rome's coastal defence cha…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
One of a chain of Roman coastal watch-posts continuing Hadrian's Wall westward, entirely lost to erosion by 1980 and known now chiefly through its…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A missing link in Hadrian's frontier system: proof that Rome's coastal defences ran on past the Wall itself, screening the Cumbrian shore with fort…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A vanished Roman coastal post recovered only from the air after being written off as lost to the sea, part of the chain that carried Hadrian's Wall…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No one has ever found it: its position is only a calculated estimate between two neighbouring forts, making it one of the Cumbrian coast's true gho…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A timber fortlet on the Cumbrian coast that carried Hadrian's Wall's defensive system beyond the Wall itself, guarding a shoreline the Wall never r…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Milefortlet 21 matters because full excavation revealed an inhabited coastal outpost: buildings, ovens and possessions: not merely the footprint of…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman coastal fort now lies beneath a golf green, its ditch and gravel entrance road recovered only through 20th-century excavation.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
No wall or ditch survives above ground, yet aerial photography and geophysics have pinned this fortlet's exact outline into the Cumbrian coast's Ro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing survives above ground in this Maryport industrial estate, yet its flanking towers gave up a prehistoric (before written records reached Bri…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman coastal watch-post so thoroughly ploughed away that only an aerial photograph proves it was ever there: the Cumbrian coast defences reduced…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A fortlet with nothing above ground, found by its turfwork in 1945: and a tower beside it rebuilt from palisade to stone.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A Roman coastal watch-post reduced by wartime bulldozers to cropmarks in a field: excavated just before an airfield erased it in 1944.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A vanished timber-and-turf outpost on the Solway shore, known today only through the shadows it left in a farmer's field when seen from the air.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cheshire
A goddess still stands carved into the living rock of a Roman quarry face: the only shrine of its kind in western Europe never moved from where it…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
A fluted stone column built the exact distance from where the fire started: turning a measurement into a memorial, and doubling for decades as a wo…
Fortified place · Roman
Moray
A Roman marching camp of over 41 hectares, hidden until aerial photography found its ditches from the air in 1959: physical proof that Severus's le…
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Mumrills was the largest Roman fort on the Antonine Wall, with excavated defences and a rich group of altars, funerary evidence and everyday finds…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
A protected archaeological site at Findon, with settlement from before and during Roman rule.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
A gritstone altar and Centurial stone recovered from Navio identify the garrison’s religious practice and the officials who rebuilt the fort in 154…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
A working Roman gate that traffic still passes beneath today, its limestone ring still carrying the road it was built to carry eighteen centuries ago.
Building or ruin · Roman
Isle of Wight
Newport Roman Villa is a well-preserved late Romano-British (Britain under Roman rule, AD 43–410) farmhouse whose bath suite, decorated rooms and r…
Building or ruin · Roman
Neath Port Talbot
Nidum is a repeatedly occupied Roman auxiliary fort beneath modern Neath whose changing size, stone rebuilding, road-network position and uniquely…
Building or ruin · Roman
Aberdeen City
A Roman marching camp misread for fifty years as a Danish fort, its true imperial origin restored only when its rectangular plan gave the game away.
Building or ruin · Roman
Oxfordshire
The only Roman building left standing and open to visitors anywhere in Oxfordshire, with sixty rooms and nineteen mosaic floors surviving from a ho…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
The Roman town beneath Chichester, almost nothing of which stands above ground: and whose very name is a modern reconstruction from five scraps of…
Fortified place · Roman
Scottish Borders
A cohort fort and the builders' camp that put it up, both found from the air in 1949: and abandoned because of a war on the Danube.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
Trading on a name possibly given by Danish settlers, this is the oldest documented lead mine in Derbyshire: worked, on and off, for over five centu…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Cheshire
Chester's oldest crossing survived a Roman timber-and-stone original, a 14th-century royal rebuilding order, and a fortified gatehouse before losin…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lancashire
A Roman fort so thoroughly buried beneath a country house that its very name is guesswork, pieced together from a scholarly quarrel over the Antoni…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
Three temples built one after another on the same spot, in a double-octagonal plan: on a hill whose apt-sounding name turns out to be modern.
Building or ruin · Roman
Newport
Pen-toppen-ash is a complex of late prehistoric: a period before written records reached Britain: enclosures on Kemeys Graig, whose possible Roman…
Building or ruin · Roman
Staffordshire
Named in a second-century Roman road-book, lost for centuries, and found again from the air in 1946.
Fortified place · Roman
Scottish Borders
Camps A and B here are among the best-preserved Roman marching camps in Scotland, and Camp B was deliberately rebuilt inside Camp A rather than lai…
Crossing or structure · Roman
West Midlands
A modest eighteenth-century packhorse bridge whose repair endowment quietly went on to found one of Birmingham's grammar schools.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Buried beneath a Carlisle suburb, this was the largest fort on Hadrian's Wall, built to house Roman Britain's only thousand-strong cavalry regiment.
Building or ruin · Roman
East Riding of Yorkshire
Its theatre-dedication stone is the only inscription anywhere in Roman Britain naming a magistrate: a rare fragment of civic life from a small prov…
Crossing or structure · Roman
County Durham
Piercebridge Roman Bridge preserves massive river-crossing masonry far from today's Tees channel, revealing both the scale of Dere Street and the c…
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
A Roman fort, bridge, bath house and civilian town lie buried beneath a working village green: with one of only two surviving Roman river bridges i…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Built decades before Hadrian's Wall existed, this signal tower was folded into the frontier at a deliberate forty-five-degree angle purely to keep…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Thirty-five metres of Wall that survive because William Hutton argued a workman out of demolishing them in 1801: ninety-five yards had already gone.
Fortified place · Roman
Somerset
A bank of layered yellow and grey clay running between two former swamps, with an entrance that appears to be original.
Tomb or burial place · Roman
Lincolnshire
At least eleven Bronze Age (roughly 2500–800 BC, when metal tools first spread) burial mounds once stood on this ridge; five were bulldozed for iro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
Much of its course survives not as a monument but as a working hedgerow, lane and field boundary: a rare case study in how completely a Roman road…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
A Roman shore fort still standing to nearly its full height, with a Norman keep, a royal palace and a prisoner-of-war depot all built inside the sa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Portgate reveals Rome adapting to its own past: Hadrian’s Wall had to control fifty-year-old Dere Street rather than simply block it.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
Almost the entire circuit of Roman wall still stands to nearly its original height, making this the best-preserved Roman fort north of the Alps.
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Portus Lemanis preserves a Roman naval and Saxon Shore stronghold above the former coast, explaining both Lympne’s name and the changing landscape…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Poundbury Hill preserves an exceptional sequence from early farming settlement through a hillfort, a defended enclosure on high ground, ringed with…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
Queen’s House is England’s first consciously classical building, designed by Inigo Jones for Stuart queens and central to the river vista at Greenw…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
A silted tidal inlet in the middle of the City of London is the last surviving dock on the whole modern waterfront, its walls now doing duty as flo…
Fortified place · Roman
Aberdeenshire
A computer model of its roughly 93-acre rampart (an encircling bank built for defence) suggests room for three legions -- some 16,000 men -- making…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its walls still stand nearly four metres high above the Cumbrian coast: one of the tallest surviving Roman structures in northern Britain, saved by…
Building or ruin · Roman
Leicestershire
Raw Dykes is a scheduled Leicester earthwork (a bank, ditch or mound shaped from soil rather than built in stone), most likely a Roman aqueduct, wh…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
One low headland carried a Roman signal station, a Saxon Shore fort, and a royal Anglo-Saxon monastery whose abbot rose to become Archbishop of Can…
Sacred place · Roman
County Durham
Rey Cross is a protected Stainmore landmark whose uncertain purpose: legendary Viking grave or boundary marker: was tested but not resolved by mode…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
The place where Roman Britain both began and ended: Claudius's invasion beachhead of AD 43 and, four centuries later, one of the last Roman foothol…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A working pub built directly over a legionary bath house, its caldarium still visible beneath the bar where soldiers of Rome's Ninth Legion once wa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A public bathing complex around the sacred hot spring, with a temple raised here between AD 60 and 70.
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
A single reassembled Roman column stands within sight of York Minster's towers: the last upright fragment of the legionary headquarters that once r…
Building or ruin · Roman
South Yorkshire
A working bridleway that still follows the exact line of a Roman road, letting a walker retrace Ermine Street on foot rather than read about it on…
Fortified place · Roman
South Yorkshire
A linear earthwork (a bank, ditch or mound shaped from soil rather than built in stone) running for miles north of Rotherham whose builders remain…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cambridgeshire
A hedge-lined green lane running for miles through open farmland turns out, on excavation, to be a working Roman road: one still walked as a public…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
A working stage where most Roman remains in Britain offer only an arena: proof that Verulamium supported genuine theatre, not just spectacle.
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Dorchester’s Roman Town House is a rare scheduled domestic ruin where late Roman rooms, mosaics and town defences remain visible within a modern pu…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
Wickham Court Farm is a scheduled Romano-British (Britain under Roman rule, AD 43–410) site beside the former London-to-Lewes route, where excavati…
Fortified place · Roman
Devon
Plymouth’s Royal Citadel is a major seventeenth-century fortress that incorporated Drake’s defences and continues as an active military base overlo…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Rudchester’s lost Mithraic temple is known from five altars saved after a 1844 ploughing discovery, rare evidence for soldiers’ cult life beside Ha…
Building or ruin · Roman
East Riding of Yorkshire
Rudston’s courtyard villa preserves Roman domestic life through its mosaics and bathhouse, while its fragile archaeology is threatened by continuin…
Building or ruin · Roman
Rutland
A Roman-period villa near Ketton, including a mosaic showing scenes from the Trojan War.
Fortified place · Roman
North Yorkshire
Each stretch of bank and ditch differs enough in height and width to show separate work-gangs dug it, not one planned scheme.
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Seabegs Wood preserves a fortlet on the Antonine Wall, with excavated rampart (a defensive bank of earth or stone) foundations and a position betwe…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gwynedd
Segontium was the main Roman fort of north Wales, a thousand-man auxiliary base above the Menai Strait whose settlement, Mithraic temple and later…
Ancient place · Roman
Northumberland
Shaftoe Crags preserves Iron Age, the period before Roman rule, enclosures and later Romano-British: a period when local people lived under Roman r…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
The largest surviving group of Roman burial mounds in England, standing where local legend blames the Devil for their creation.
Settlement · Roman
Dorset
Smedmore Hill preserves a rare, well-preserved Romano-British (Britain under Roman rule, AD 43–410) farming settlement, where terraced small enclos…
Ancient place · Roman
Shropshire
Reputedly the greatest volume of lead per acre in Europe: and a smeltmill of national importance now being destroyed by vegetation.
Building or ruin · Roman
Gloucestershire
Long cited as the textbook case of a Roman villa evolving from a simple corridor house into a full courtyard estate, though the dating evidence beh…
Sacred place · Roman
Derbyshire
A warm spring the Romans venerated with 232 votive coins still flows at a steady 27°C beneath the Georgian spa town built around it.
Building or ruin · Roman
Leicestershire
Leicester's oldest continually used building, its Anglo-Saxon nave (the main western space where the congregation stood) built almost entirely from…
Sacred place · Roman
Essex
St Peter’s is an eleventh-century redundant church rescued from demolition, where layered materials, medieval wall patterns and contemporary staine…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Surrey
Five successive bridges have failed, cracked, or been demolished on this Thames crossing since Roman times, making its 1832 granite survivor the so…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
Fifty-seven miles of Roman road running from London to Chichester, its date of construction still uncertain.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
The Stanegate, a name meaning stone road, shows how Rome linked its northern forts before Hadrian’s Wall reset the frontier.
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Stoke Hill brings an Iron Age hillfort: an Iron Age settlement defended by banks and ditches on high ground: and a later Roman signal station into…
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
One of the chain of forts along the Gask Ridge, and the name survives in three farms and a mill.
Building or ruin · Roman
Derbyshire
Strutt’s Park matters because fragmentary archaeology beneath Derby’s streets documents a brief Roman frontier post at the ancient crossing later s…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
Sulloniacis is a debated Roman stopping-place on Watling Street, where Brockley Hill’s kilns and workshops reveal major production but not a conclu…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
A sycamore of a hundred years and more beside Hadrian's Wall near Crag Lough, known also as the Robin Hood tree.
Crossing or structure · Roman
Shropshire
Every component was cast individually to fit its neighbour, using carpentry joints - mortise and tenon, dovetails - because nobody had yet worked o…
Building or ruin · Roman
Staffordshire
A ten-metre limestone arch that held burials from the end of the Palaeolithic: and had its own railway station from 1904 to 1934.
Settlement · Roman
Cumbria
Its close resemblance to the Isle of Man's Tynwald Mount is the strongest evidence that Viking settlers raised this terraced mound as their own ope…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gwynedd
A Roman fort remote enough to have kept its own small amphitheatre and inn intact: features usually ploughed away at less isolated garrisons across…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Dorchester’s Town Walks turn the line of Roman Durnovaria’s defences into a historic public landscape, preserving two millennia of fortification, m…
Fortified place · Roman
Scottish Borders
One of the largest caches of Roman military finds in Britain: arms and armour from 117 pits: came from a fort that was, briefly, the empire's most…
Building or ruin · Roman
Warwickshire
A Roman frontier post of AD 47 that grew into a town and was then lost for centuries, until an antiquarian: an early collector-scholar of antiquiti…
Crossing or structure · Roman
North Yorkshire
Ulshaw Bridge is a protected seventeenth-century River Ure crossing whose arches, cutwaters and refuges preserve the practical craft of a minor-roa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Shropshire
A Romano-British settlement: Britain under Roman rule, AD 43–410: at the highest point of Watling Street, known from cropmarks and a stretch of ditch.
Building or ruin · Roman
Hampshire
At 58 hectares within its walls, this was one of the largest towns in Roman Britain: and the direct ancestor of modern Winchester.
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Venta Icenorum was the Roman civitas capital of the Iceni, a deliberately created second-century administrative and trading town whose 2009 excavat…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A single ridge above Swindale Beck carries two forts stacked on top of each other: a Roman garrison abandoned around 410 and, six centuries later,…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
Sacked and burnt by Boudica in AD 61, rebuilt in stone twice over, its theatre survives as Britain's only fully excavated Roman stage theatre.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Vindobala’s cavalry-focused plan, rebuilt after fire and divided by the modern Military Road, makes buried Roman frontier strategy visible in an op…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
A Roman auxiliary fort south of Hadrian's Wall which it pre-dated, and one of the most heavily excavated sites on the frontier.
Building or ruin · Roman
County Durham
A whole English village grew directly on top of a Roman fort's footprint, so altars and rampart (a defensive embankment ringing the site) stone sti…
Building or ruin · Roman
Shropshire
A Roman city at Wroxeter, once probably Britain's fourth-largest Roman settlement.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
A Roman fort known almost entirely from one aerial photograph taken in 1970, never excavated, and already on the Heritage at Risk Register.
Fortified place · Roman
Falkirk
Watling Lodge contains a notably well-preserved stretch of Antonine Wall ditch, showing the frontier’s local defensive landscape between the Roman…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
A working Roman bath suite survives intact in a steel vault beneath a live motorway junction, its hypocaust and plunge bath reached by tunnel nine…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Whitley Castle’s lozenge plan and exceptional concentric defences make its purpose as a high-Pennine Roman mining fort unusually legible today.
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Its cella walls still bear traces of Roman paint and mosaic beneath the soil, a rare survival of a Romano-Celtic shrine serving a community rooted…
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
Systematic excavation between 1958 and 1967 turned this into one of the most completely documented Roman villa sites in England, with five mosaic f…
Building or ruin · Roman
East Riding of Yorkshire
A minor country lane in the East Riding still follows the exact line the Romans laid between the coast and York: and became one of David Hockney's…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
A single-track road over Wrynose Pass runs on top of a Roman crossing of the fells, and its summit stone still marks the ancient meeting point of t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Hertfordshire
Long assumed a Roman villa, the excavated rooms above the Purwell wetlands may in fact be a bathhouse within a complex of ritual buildings, one of…
Fortified place · Roman
Powys
A cavalry fort held for three centuries by Spanish horsemen, quarried in 1093 to build Brecon Castle: and still standing three metres high in places.
Fortified place · Roman
Aberdeenshire
Two marching camps of different size and date lie stacked on the same patch of ground: among the northernmost Roman camps ever built in Scotland.
Briefer entries: recorded and worth knowing, with fuller pages to come.
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater Manchester
Mamucium is the Roman fort at the origin of Manchester’s urban history, with reconstructed defences revealing a military and civilian settlement la…
Fortified place · Roman
West Yorkshire
Becca Banks runs straight across a Roman road, and nobody knows which came first: whether the bank was raised against Rome, or the road driven thro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
The embankment reaches nearly fifty feet across and stands some six feet above the surrounding chalk, wider than engineering ever demanded of a roa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Oxfordshire
Akeman Street runs for roughly 117 kilometres across southern England, a Roman road tracking east to west between the modern counties of Hertfordsh…
Building or ruin · Roman
Carmarthenshire
A rectangular earthwork (earth moved and shaped into banks and ditches rather than built up in stone) enclosure of roughly 170 by 120 metres, guard…
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
The name Alavana has been attached, tentatively and probably in error, to the buried remains of a Roman fort at Watercrook, roughly two miles (3.2…
Building or ruin · Roman
lincolnshire
A market town with a piece of Roman wall still standing in it, and a Roman name that may or may not belong to the place.
Crossing or structure · Roman
Essex
Beaumont Cut preserves a short-lived 19th-century canal over a possible Roman waterway, connecting rural Essex to London’s coastal trade and surviv…
Fortified place · Roman
Dumfries and Galloway
More inscribed and sculptured Roman stones have been recovered from Birrens than from any other site in Scotland, and it is this dense scatter of a…
Fortified place · Roman
Perth and Kinross
Two Roman camps within the extensive military complex centred on the fort at Ardoch.
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Blue Bell Hill is a protected North Downs chalk landscape above the Medway where the lost Blue Bell Hill Dolmen, nearby Medway Megaliths and traces…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Bokerley Dyke is a long-lived Dorset boundary earthwork (a bank or ditch dug and heaped from the ground itself, with no masonry), first prehistoric…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Bucknowle Farm is the first substantial Roman villa complex identified south of the Purbeck Hills, with evidence of Iron Age (the period from rough…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Bucknowle Roman Villa records four centuries of changing domestic, agricultural and bathing buildings, ending in a richly equipped fourth-century r…
Fortified place · Roman
Dumfries and Galloway
A swathe of hundreds of lead sling bullets lies scattered along the south-eastern flank of Burnswark Hill, marking the line where Roman slingers on…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Cadder’s quarried-away fort survives through excavated headquarters, granaries and baths, preserving the evidence of a substantial Antonine Wall ga…
Building or ruin · Roman
Newport
A broken lead pipe, 38 mm across and 99 cm long, once rose from a stone-lined grave to the surface of the ground. Its purpose was practical and uns…
Building or ruin · Roman
Gwynedd
The Caernarfon Mithraeum is a rare Roman mystery-cult temple near Segontium, identified from its distinctive architecture despite the loss of its s…
Building or ruin · Roman
norfolk
A Saxon Shore fort built around AD 200 on the north side of an estuary that no longer exists: most of it now under modern housing, with a Saxon set…
Building or ruin · Roman
Essex
Camulodunum, modern Colchester, was Britain’s first Roman provincial capital and the successor to a vast Iron Age (from around 800 BC up to the Rom…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Canterbury Roman Museum preserves an in-situ c.300 mosaic pavement and hypocaust discovered after wartime bombing, making the buried courtyard hous…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
A defended hilltop crowning Chanctonbury Hill, with burial mounds and dykes around it recording activity from four thousand years ago onwards.
Crossing or structure · Roman
Northumberland
Chesters Bridge preserves the massive eastern abutment of a Hadrian’s Wall crossing whose construction and recent reinterpretation reveal the North…
Building or ruin · Roman
northumberland
The fort walls push north of Hadrian's Wall, with three main gates on the far side: built not to hold the frontier but to get cavalry through it qu…
Building or ruin · Roman
newport
Three linked Iron Age earthworks: from the centuries before the Roman conquest: and a Roman fortlet on one Monmouthshire ridge, unexcavated, with C…
Building or ruin · Roman
The Vale of Glamorgan
Bricks stamped by the Second Legion, recovered from a Roman bath house beneath the modern town of Cowbridge, are among the earliest hints that sold…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Dere Street was Rome’s principal northern communications and supply route from York through Corbridge and beyond Hadrian’s Wall into Scotland, with…
Crossing or structure · Roman
Northumberland
Devil’s Causeway is a 55-mile Roman road linking the Portgate near Corbridge with the Tweed estuary, connecting Hadrian’s Wall infrastructure to no…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Dubris was Roman Dover’s cross-Channel port and military base, where lighthouses, forts and the Roman Painted House preserve a strategic gateway be…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Durnovaria, Roman Dorchester, preserves the transition from a Roman military presence to a Durotrigan civic centre whose streets, defences, mosaics…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Durolevum was a Roman Watling Street settlement between Richborough and London, important precisely because archaeology has narrowed: but not settl…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Durovernum Cantiacorum was Roman Canterbury: a strategically sited civitas capital that developed from a fortified Iron-Age settlement into a walle…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Faversham Stone Chapel incorporates an ancient shrine or mausoleum within a medieval church, recording a striking transition from a Romano-British…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Featherwood Roman Camps preserve two large first-century marching camps on Dere Street, showing how Roman forces moved and maintained a route into…
Building or ruin · Roman
powys
Occupied from about AD 75 to the reign of Valentinian I: some three centuries: guarding a Severn crossing beside the historic ford at Rhydywhyman.
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Gariannonum is a debated Saxon Shore fort identity, likely tied to Burgh Castle and/or Caister-on-Sea, revealing how Rome guarded the Yare estuary…
Fortified place · Roman
Monmouthshire
Stamped into the fabric of roof tiles recovered from beneath the centre of Abergavenny is the mark of the Legio II (the Second Legion, whose base w…
Fortified place · Roman
Greater London
Grim’s Ditch is a surviving London earthwork (banks and ditches raised from the earth rather than quarried stone) whose ridge-top line, possible la…
Building or ruin · Roman
Warwickshire
A circular wooden temple stood here before the conquest. Stone temples of the Roman period replaced it, in two phases.
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
The City of London's art collection displayed above the remains of Britain's largest Roman amphitheatre, joining Victorian paintings to Roman archa…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Hadrian’s Wall Path turns the Roman frontier into an 84-mile National Trail, connecting urban Tyne-side sites, exposed Wall country, and the Solway…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Hod Hill is a large Iron Age (roughly 800 BC until the Roman conquest) fort with a short-lived Roman camp inside it, combining Durotrigan settlemen…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Housesteads is one of Hadrian’s Wall’s best-preserved forts, dramatically placed on the Whin Sill and revealing nearly three centuries of garrison…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Yorkshire
A square cropmark investigated in 1995 as a possible Roman marching camp, with post-holes showing a revetted defensive bank.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Jenny’s Lantern preserves a defended hilltop settlement from the centuries before Rome arrived, embedded in an unusually extensive settlement and f…
Building or ruin · Roman
Greater London
Keston Roman villa preserves a rare continuous settlement sequence from prehistory through Roman Britain into an early Saxon village, with its maus…
Building or ruin · Roman
Bristol
Bristol's only visible Roman bath suite survived here, along with mosaic floors and a hypocaust (underfloor heating system), buried beneath a 20th-…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Knag Burn Gateway is an unusual later opening in Hadrian’s Wall, whose paired guard chambers and double gates show tightly controlled movement beyo…
Building or ruin · Roman
West Yorkshire
Castleford is built on it. The name may come from a Brittonic word carrying the sense of spear or blade.
Building or ruin · Roman
Swansea
Beneath the streets of Loughor, at the mouth of the River Loughor where it meets the estuary that carries its name, lie the buried defences of a Ro…
Building or ruin · Roman
Somerset
A small Roman town in Britannia, on the ground now occupied by Ilchester.
Building or ruin · Roman
Lincolnshire
Lindum Colonia, Roman Lincoln, developed from a legionary fortress into a veteran colonia with walls, public buildings, aqueduct, sewerage and indu…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
The London to Lewes Way is a 71-kilometre Roman road whose engineered route and surviving slag surfaces reveal long-distance movement across the We…
Building or ruin · Roman
City of London
The Roman and medieval wall that made the City of London, shaping its gates, roads and boundary from around AD 200 into the modern street plan.
Building or ruin · Roman
Carmarthenshire
In the early 1970s the River Cothi cut into its own bank near Pumsaint in Carmarthenshire and exposed a stamped Samian ware inkwell. That single fi…
Tomb or burial place · Roman
Kent
Few country parks combine a Domesday deer-park inheritance, Roman pottery, Second World War decoy works, and veteran trees supporting nationally ra…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Magnis at Carvoran is a pre-Hadrianic road fort whose rare Hamian archers, civilian settlement, and Roman Army Museum preserve the military life of…
Building or ruin · Roman
Warwickshire
Up to seventy Roman pottery kilns have been found here. Boudica's final battle may have been fought nearby.
Building or ruin · Roman
Shropshire
Mediolanum shows Whitchurch’s change from a Roman military fort to an industrial and commercial town on the Chester–Wroxeter route, with timber tra…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
It may never have been built. Peter Hill proposed it; no trace of it has ever been found.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Its remains lie under the recreation ground at Miller's Dene. Early excavators dug Turret 0B and thought they had found this instead.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Part of the north gateway survives in the front garden of Dene House: twelve foundation slabs, three blocks, one marked with an asterisk and two wi…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Its measured position is the middle of the old village of Throckley Bank Top, underneath the Working Men's Club.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 12 preserves an archaeological story beneath modern Heddon-on-the-Wall, where inscriptions, coin hoards, and associated turrets reveal a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 13 preserves a low Hadrian’s Wall platform whose documented gateway, coin hoard, and turret system illuminate a small frontier post now…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 14 preserves a low Hadrian’s Wall platform whose short-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs with the Wall rather than across it) plan…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 15 preserves a bold but unexcavated Hadrian’s Wall platform whose robber trenches and disputed turret evidence show how much of the fron…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 16 preserves a slight Harlow Hill platform where the Wall itself was removed for the Military Road, while its associated turrets survive…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 17 is a deeply buried Hadrian’s Wall post whose changing masonry nearby may mark a legionary construction boundary, while later occupati…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 18 is Hadrian’s Wall’s only long-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs across the Wall rather than with it), Type I gateway (one of th…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 19 is one of Hadrian’s Wall’s most informative small posts, where a rare Mother Goddess dedication and Vardulian unit reveal the religio…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Built over. Its probable position is at or near the junction of the A187 Fossway and Tunstall Avenue.
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 20 (Halton Shields) shows how a Roman frontier installation can remain historically important even when modern buildings and gardens cov…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 21 (Down Hill) illustrates the limits as well as the reach of archaeological reconstruction on Hadrian’s Wall. Its location is known by…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
A low turf-covered platform beside the Portgate roundabout preserves a long-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs across the Wall rather than wit…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 23 survives as a grass-covered platform and shallow ditch, preserving evidence for a long-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs across…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 24 records a long-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs across the Wall rather than with it) frontier post whose low bank, spoil heaps…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 25 preserves a low platform and possible ditch beside the B6318, while the excavated turret pair reveals varied construction, occupation…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 26 connects a buried long-axis (a milecastle whose long side runs across the Wall rather than with it) milecastle with the surviving Pla…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 27 retains a slight platform in pasture and preserves a close relationship with Chesters Roman Fort, where one associated turret was dis…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 28 demonstrates how a frontier site can be retained as a measured location even when its platform cannot be securely identified, while t…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
No remains exist. It was thought to have stood at the junction of Byker Bridge and Stephen Street.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
It was found between the predicted positions of Turrets 4A and 4B, which has prompted suggestions that the numbering of this stretch should be reco…
Building or ruin · Roman
Northumberland
Milecastle 45 lets visitors read a Roman fortlet removed for stone through robber trenches, aerial traces and Walltown Crags’ exposed frontier sett…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
The first milecastle west of the fort at Newcastle. Its supposed position is a road junction, and nothing of it survives.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Its walls were never found: the milecastle survives only as a swelling in a field, a reminder that most of Hadrian's Wall's mile-stations still hid…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Its exact location is unknown. The Wall here runs beneath the A186, under roads and terraced houses.
Building or ruin · Roman
Cumbria
Nothing above ground survives here, yet a 1962 dig recovered the exact footprint of a Hadrian's Wall milecastle down to its cobbled road and blocke…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Never found. English Heritage places it midway between a turret located in 1751 and one with visible remains.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Two surveys a year apart put it 25 yards from each other. The Ordnance Survey maps the average.
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
The watershed of the Wall's archaeology: positions to the west are relatively well defined, those to the east considerably less so.
Building or ruin · Roman
Carmarthenshire
East of the old town of Carmarthen stand the earthwork (earth moved and shaped into banks and ditches rather than built up in stone) remains of a R…
Building or ruin · Roman
Essex
Othona was a late Roman Saxon Shore fort controlling the Blackwater and Colne estuaries, whose fabric was later reused in St Peter-on-the-Wall chapel.
Building or ruin · Roman
Norfolk
Peddars Way is a 46-mile long-distance route following a Roman road or earlier trackway, linking the Icknield Way, Norfolk coast and National Trail…
Building or ruin · Roman
Devon
Pomeroy Wood is a Roman military site near Honiton where excavated ramparts, ditches and biological evidence point to a cavalry presence despite un…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
The only Roman bridge outside Rome known to be named after an emperor. Hadrian's clan name was Aelius.
Building or ruin · Roman
Suffolk
It ran from the Iceni capital at Venta Icenorum to the legionary base at Camulodunum: the A140 still follows part of it.
Building or ruin · Roman
Berkshire
A Roman route linking Silchester with Bath whose line still appears in fragments, carrying later drovers and travellers long after imperial rule en…
Building or ruin · Roman
Conwy County Borough
Sarn Helen is not a single monument but a name attached to several stretches of Roman road threading through Wales, the principal route running som…
Building or ruin · Roman
Tyne and Wear
Five places in the Roman empire were called Segedunum. Nobody agrees what the name means.
Building or ruin · Roman
Essex
Stane Street is a 63-kilometre Roman route still legible in Essex and Hertfordshire roads, paths and byways, linking Braughing with Roman Colchester.
Building or ruin · Roman
West Sussex
A planned Roman road, not a Romanised track: straight alignments, no steep gradients, linking villa estates along the greensand ridge.
Building or ruin · Roman
Essex
The Temple of Claudius anchors Roman Colchester’s imperial history: a provincial cult centre later absorbed into the foundations of Colchester Castle.
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
The Brook follows Chatham’s buried Old Bourne River and preserves evidence of Roman cremation burials beneath a later landscape transformed by over…
Building or ruin · Roman
Dorset
Waddon Hill is a short-lived Roman fort whose archaeology now reveals earlier Iron Age (from about 800 BC until the Romans came) activity beneath a…
Building or ruin · Roman
Kent
Watling Temple is a reconstructed Roman sacred site within a newly discovered Newington manufacturing settlement whose archaeology reaches back to…
Fortified place · Roman
East Dunbartonshire
Wilderness Plantation is an Antonine Wall interval fortlet identified from the air and excavated in the 1960s, helping show how the frontier was st…
Building or ruin · Roman
North Yorkshire
York’s city walls trace nearly two millennia of defence, from Roman Eboracum to medieval bars and a living circuit shaped by later restoration.
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