Fortified place · Medieval
Bothal Castle
Northumberland
Bothal Castle preserves a medieval gatehouse and curtain-wall fragments within a continuously adapted estate that passed from the Bertrams to the O…
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Browsing 100 places — search and the map cover the whole directory.
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bothwell Castle
South Lanarkshire
A large medieval castle on a high, steep bank above a bend in the Clyde, between Bothwell and Uddingston.
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Fortified place · Roman
Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort
North Lanarkshire
Bothwellhaugh Roman Fort reveals how a crossing of the South Calder linked soldiers, cavalry, bathing and the wider Antonine frontier landscape.
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Prehistoric
Botley Stone
shropshire
Ordnance Survey maps show a burial mound here. What survives is a ring of stones around an open centre, raised on the parish boundary at 394 metres.
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bottesford Preceptory
Lincolnshire
The Knights Templar's Lincolnshire estate has been reduced to a scatter of loose stones and a single cross-carved gravestone: the entire surviving…
- Near Bottesford
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Bourn Windmill
Cambridgeshire
Reckoned the oldest surviving windmill in the United Kingdom, it stood empty and rotting until a public appeal in 2022 raised the final funds neede…
- Near Bourn
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bourne Abbey
Lincolnshire
Its church has served as Bourne's parish church continuously since the 1536 closure of the monasteries, and the abbey, a religious community led by…
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bourne Castle
Lincolnshire
Bourne Castle survives as earthworks and moats in Wellhead Park, with survey evidence preserving the footprint of a long-lived medieval manor-castl…
- Near Bourne
- Easy path
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Crossing or structure · Medieval
Bow Bridge, Cumbria
Cumbria
One of Cumbria's few surviving late medieval multi-span bridges, largely unaltered since the monks of Furness Abbey built it to serve a mill that b…
- Near Barrow-in-Furness
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bow Castle Broch
Scottish Borders
One of only three brochs surviving in the Scottish Borders, and the only one to have yielded a Roman cockerel-shaped brooch alongside 2nd-century a…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bowes Castle
County Durham
An unusually rare hall-keep design, raised at royal expense against the threat from Scotland, seeded one of England's few deliberately planned medi…
- Near Bowes
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Ancient place · Medieval
Bowes Railway
Tyne and Wear
The world's only operational preserved standard-gauge cable railway, built by George Stephenson in 1826 to bring Durham coal down to the Tyne.
- Near Springwell
- Easy path
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Carved stone · Pictish & early medieval
Bowstones
Cheshire
A round cross-section and an unusual pairing set these two Anglian shafts apart from almost every other stone cross of their age in England.
- Near Disley
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Boxgrove Palaeolithic site
west-sussex
The thinnest handaxes known from the entire Acheulean were made here, 480,000 years ago, and wear analysis says they were used for one thing: butch…
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Sacred place · Medieval
Boxgrove Priory
West Sussex
At the surrender there were nine religious in the house and forty-four other people: twenty-eight servants and eight children among them.
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Boxley Abbey
Kent
Boxley Abbey was a Cistercian house linked with Thomas Becket and Richard I whose later notoriety centred on the Rood of Grace; its scheduled preci…
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Building or ruin · Roman
Boxmoor Roman Villa
Hertfordshire
Five successive building phases traced beneath a school playing field, from a first-century timber house to a mosaic-floored stone villa with under…
- Near Hemel Hempstead
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Sacred place · Medieval
Boyle Abbey
County Roscommon
A daughter house of Mellifont whose ruined church still carries a squat crossing tower and carvings by the local "School of the West" masons.
- Near Boyle
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brackenbury Battery
Suffolk
A coastal battery built over by housing, remembered now for what it did in July 1939.
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bradbourne Priory
Derbyshire
Three canons once ran outlying chapelries at Tissington, Brassington and Ballidon from this monastic cell, until a 1330 deal quietly folded it into…
- Near Bakewell
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Bradford-on-Avon Tithe Barn
Wiltshire
A 14th-century monastic barn still roofed in its original 100 tons of stone tiles, built to store one nun's abbey (a self-governing monastery, its…
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brading Roman Villa
Isle of Wight
Brading Roman Villa preserves a richly mosaicked Isle of Wight estate whose long occupation, fire recovery and rare imagery reveal high-status life…
- Near Brading
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bradley hill fort
Cheshire
The smallest of Cheshire's seven Iron Age (from around 800 BC up to the Roman conquest) hill forts, it turned a single bank, ditch and a stream's s…
- Near Frodsham
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bradley Priory
Leicestershire
One of Leicestershire's smallest monastic houses: by 1535 it held only two canons, yet its priors sometimes doubled as heads of the far larger Leic…
- Near Nevill Holt
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Fortified place · Medieval
Braemar Castle
Aberdeenshire
Built in 1628 to check the rising Farquharsons, burned by a Farquharson colonel sixty years later, and now restored and run entirely by local volun…
- Near Braemar
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Braich-y-Dinas
Conwy
Braich-y-Dinas was a major Penmaenmawr hillfort: an Iron Age settlement defended by banks and ditches on high ground, from about 800 BC until the R…
- Near Conwy
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bramber Castle
West Sussex
The ruins of a Norman castle of mound and walled yard, caput of the great feudal barony of Bramber, long held by the Braose family.
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brampton Bryan Castle
Herefordshire
A three-week Civil War siege here was commanded by a woman, Brilliana Harley, whose defence of the castle became one of the conflict's best-documen…
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brampton Old Church
Cumbria
Its red walls were quarried straight out of Hadrian's Wall, and the fort beneath it stood on the Stanegate (the Roman road running behind Hadrian's…
- Near Brampton
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brancepeth Castle
County Durham
A coal-mining fortune rebuilt this castle so thoroughly in the 1820s that its walls now read as Regency ambition wrapped around a Norman skeleton.
- Near Brancepeth
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brandon Camp
Herefordshire
A hilltop enclosure raised by Iron Age (from about 800 BC until the Romans came) Britons was later occupied and rebuilt by Rome, its granary, offic…
- Near Brampton Bryan
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brandon Castle
Warwickshire
A stone castle pulled down in 1265 because its owner backed the king: now low earthworks disappearing under scrub.
- Near Brandon
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Brane Barrow
Cornwall
Brane Barrow is a small, well-preserved Neolithic (the late Stone Age, about 4000–2500 BC in Britain) entrance grave whose exposed chamber makes th…
- Near Penzance
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Roman
Branodunum
Norfolk
Branodunum is a major Roman Saxon Shore fort at Brancaster, built in the 230s to guard the Wash and connected with a large civilian settlement in I…
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brantingham Roman villa
East Riding of Yorkshire
A stolen Roman mosaic, rumoured to have been flown to America the night after its theft, has never resurfaced: leaving this villa's finest floor kn…
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bratton Castle
Wiltshire
Two ramparts enclosing 23 acres on a Salisbury Plain escarpment, later shadowed by a Georgian chalk horse cut into the same hillside.
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Roman
Braughing (Roman town)
Hertfordshire
An unwalled Roman town of at least thirty-six hectares that grew simply because two major roads crossed here: commerce and traffic, not defence, dr…
- Near Hertford
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Settlement · Medieval
Breachacha crannog
Argyll and Bute
A drained loch bed south of Breachacha Castle on Coll still holds an artificial island whose stonework and mysterious dug pits have never been full…
- Near Arinagour
- Rough ground
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Sacred place · Medieval
Breadsall Priory
Derbyshire
A tiny Augustinian house that for two centuries sat under one family's thumb: and left behind a single 13th-century arch, now buried in a hotel's c…
- Near Bakewell
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Sacred place · Medieval
Breamore Priory
Hampshire
Its own last prior begged Thomas Cromwell for mercy, yet Breamore fell just below the financial threshold that doomed the smaller houses first: swe…
- Near Breamore
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brean Down
Somerset
Marconi set a wireless distance record over open sea from here in 1897, and the bouncing bomb was tested off the fort in the war.
- Near Weston-super-Mare
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Brean Down Fort
Somerset
A Victorian naval fortification eighteen metres above the sea, built to guard the Bristol Channel.
- Near Weston-super-Mare
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Brechin Cathedral
Angus
A near-millennium-old round tower and an intricately carved Viking-age hogback stand beside a Gothic cathedral, forming one of Scotland's most comp…
- Near Brechin
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brecon Castle
Powys
A castle raised by Bernard de Neufmarché in 1093 and repeatedly attacked by Welsh forces.
- Near Brecon
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bredon Hill
Worcestershire
An Iron Age hillfort, a pair of stones said to cure illness, and Worcestershire's largest Roman coin hoard share a summit now capped by a Georgian…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bredwardine Castle
Herefordshire
A Marcher stronghold fought over through the Anarchy and dismantled by royal order, its stone walls were later folded into a Tudor-era gabled house…
- Near Bredwardine
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Breedon Priory
Leicestershire
A parish church built from the remains of a vanished Augustinian monastery still holds the largest collection of Anglo-Saxon relief carving in Engl…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Breidden Hill
Powys
A steep-sided hill of 367 metres near Welshpool, its footpaths giving views into England and Shropshire.
- Near Welshpool
- Rough ground
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Building or ruin · Roman
Bremenium
Northumberland
Bremenium is a Roman outpost far north of Hadrian’s Wall whose preserved earthworks reveal how Dere Street was defended through changing imperial f…
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Building or ruin · Roman
Bremetennacum
Lancashire
A cavalry fort on the Ribble whose garrison of Sarmatian horsemen from the Black Sea steppe left behind Roman Britain's most celebrated parade helmet.
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Roman
Bremia (fort)
Ceredigion
Five inscribed stones name the actual Spanish cohort and centurions who built and garrisoned this fort: rare direct testimony from the men themselv…
- Near Llanilar
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Brennanstown Portal Tomb
County Dublin
Known locally by three different names, this megalithic burial chamber on the Carrickmines River is one of County Dublin's few surviving monuments…
- Near Dublin
- Some walking
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Fortified place
Brenscombe Heath
Dorset
Brenscombe Heath is a protected 34.7-hectare biological Site of Special Scientific Interest near Corfe Castle, recognised for its ecological rather…
- Near Corfe Castle
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Pictish & early medieval
Brent Ditch
Cambridgeshire
A surviving stretch of a lost linear frontier, still standing 2 to 3 metres high in woodland beside the old A11 where four sister earthworks once c…
- Near Abington
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Brent Hill
Devon
Brent Hill preserves the hilltop location of an Iron Age (the centuries before Rome arrived, from about 800 BC) fort above South Brent in Devon.
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Brent Knoll Camp
Somerset
A hilltop enclosure on Brent Knoll, visible above the Somerset Levels.
- Near Burnham-on-Sea
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Brewer's Castle
Somerset
A defended settlement on Hawkridge Ridge Wood, standing very close to a second fort of the same kind.
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bridgend Priory
Lincolnshire
A modest Gilbertine house whose founding endowment bound its canons to keep a fenland causeway in repair: an obligation that outlasted the priory,…
- Near Horbling
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bridgetown Priory
County Cork
One of only two substantial Augustinian monasteries left standing in County Cork, its unusual H-shaped plan surviving because the west range was si…
- Near Castletownroche
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bridgnorth Castle
Shropshire
A castle founded by Robert de Bellême in 1101 that changed hands almost as soon as it existed.
- Near Bridgnorth
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bridgwater Castle
Somerset
A castle that made the town rather than the other way round: and whose stone is still in the cellars of the Georgian streets built over it.
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bridlington Priory
East Riding of Yorkshire
Bridlington Priory’s surviving nave: the western body of the building, where the congregation gathered: is the parish-church remnant of a vast Augu…
- Near Bridlington
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brimpsfield Castle
Gloucestershire
A rebel baron's stronghold, deliberately reduced to a mound and ditch after his execution in 1322: one of Gloucestershire's clearest physical trace…
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Brimpsfield Priory
Gloucestershire
A Norman lord's endowment to a monastery across the Channel made Brimpsfield a casualty of England's wars with France, seized as an overseas religi…
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Brinkburn Priory
Northumberland
A priory church whose roof fell in before 1700 and was put back in 1858: with most of its twelfth-century masonry still standing underneath.
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Fortified place · Prehistoric
Brinklow Castle
Warwickshire
A burial mound raised before writing reached Britain, reshaped by the Normans into a motte: the earthen mound a castle was raised on: 12 metres hig…
- Near Brinklow
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bristol Castle
Bristol
A royal prison that once held a reigning king: Stephen of Blois was locked in its keep (the principal tower, built to be held even if the walls fel…
- Near Bristol
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bristol Cathedral
Bristol
Its 14th-century choir has no clerestory at all: light floods in only through vast aisle windows the same height as the vault, a design the histori…
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Prehistoric
Brisworthy stone circle
Devon
Brisworthy’s restored circle makes the loss and recovery of a Dartmoor ritual monument visible: twenty-four stones stand where perhaps forty-two on…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
British Camp
Herefordshire
Later reused as a Norman castle and then cut through by a boundary bank and ditch in 1287, this hillfort: a hilltop enclosure ringed by earth rampa…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brixham Battery
Devon
Brixham Battery is an unusually complete emergency coast-defence site, where the hurried response to Dunkirk remains legible in guns, searchlights…
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Roman
Broadbury Castle
Devon
Broadbury Castle is a scheduled Devon earthwork (earth moved and shaped into banks and ditches rather than built up in stone) whose square plan sup…
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Broadholme Priory
Lincolnshire
One of only two Premonstratensian houses for women anywhere in England, its canonesses living and singing on this Lincolnshire site for nearly four…
- Near Broadholme
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Prehistoric
Broadlea henge
Dumfries and Galloway
A Roman marching camp's ditch cuts clean through Broadlea henge: a circular enclosure formed by a bank and an inner ditch: entering by the north-we…
- Easy path
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Broadsands Chambered Tomb
Devon
A Scheduled Neolithic chambered tomb above Broadsands Beach, preserving a burial chamber, cairn (a mound of piled stones, often covering a burial)…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Broadway Tower, Worcestershire
Worcestershire
Built as an ornamental beacon for a countess, the tower went on to house a private printing press, a Pre-Raphaelite retreat, and a Cold War listeni…
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Roman
Brocavum
Cumbria
Six altars to the war-god Belatucadrus were found here, and a Roman tombstone still forms a ceiling slab inside the medieval castle built from the…
- Near Brougham
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Ayre
Orkney Islands
The Ayre site is a broch, a tall circular tower of unmortared stone found only in Scotland, on Orkney Mainland.
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Borwick
Orkney Islands
The Broch of Borwick is a tall circular tower of unmortared stone, a type of building found only in Scotland, whose remains illuminate changing com…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Burrian
Orkney Islands
The Broch of Burrian is a tall circular tower of unmortared stone, a type of building found only in Scotland, on the rocky shore of North Ronaldsay.
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Clickimin
Shetland Islands
On a small promontory jutting into the Loch of Clickimin, three-quarters of a mile south-west of Lerwick on the road to Sumburgh, stands one of the…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Cullingsburgh
Shetland Islands
Very little survives above ground of the broch (a tall circular tower of unmortared stone, found only in Scotland) that once stood on a shoulder of…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of Culswick
Shetland Islands
A massive triangular lintel stone still spans the entrance of the Broch (a tall circular tower of unmortared stone, found only in Scotland) of Culs…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Broch of West Burrafirth
Shetland Islands
The Broch of West Burrafirth stands on a low rocky islet known as the Holm of Hebrista, within West Burra Firth on the west side of Shetland Mainla…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brodick Castle
North Ayrshire
A Norse-named stronghold on the Clyde approaches, seized and re-seized by Norwegian kings, Bruce's lieutenants, Campbell raiders and Cromwell's gun…
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bromfield Priory
Shropshire
A college of canons founded before 1061, which lost half its land between 1066 and 1086: and whose church is still the parish church.
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More places
Briefer entries: recorded and worth knowing, with fuller pages to come.
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bottreaux Castle
Cornwall
Bottreaux Castle survives chiefly as earthworks, but its motte (a steep artificial mound built to carry a timber tower) preserves the footprint of…
- Near Penzance
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bourn Castle
Cambridgeshire
A Norman sheriff's earthwork (a bank, ditch or mound shaped from soil rather than built in stone) stronghold that burned in the 13th century and wa…
- Near Bourn
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bow Hill, West Sussex
West Sussex
A South Downs ridge carrying a cross dyke, tumuli, long barrows, an Iron Age hillfort and four Bronze Age barrows: the interest is along it, not on…
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bradenstoke Priory
Wiltshire
A house of Augustinian canons set on the ridge above the south side of Dauntsey Vale, a mile and a half west of Lyneham.
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Fortified place · Medieval
Branny
County Tyrone
Branny is a compact Tyrone townland whose protected hilltop enclosure and sheep-fold name preserve both ancient and pastoral landscape history.
- Near Omagh
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Breeny More Stone Circle
County Cork
Breeny More is a National Monument axial stone circle with four boulder burials overlooking Bantry Bay, preserving a distinctive middle Bronze Age…
- Near Ballineen
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Bremridge Wood
Devon
Bremridge Wood preserves an Iron Age (from about 800 BC until the Romans came) enclosure above the River Bray on land linked with a Domesday estate.
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Bridgeness Slab
Falkirk
The Bridgeness Slab is the most detailed surviving Antonine Wall distance slab, combining a precise construction record with vivid Roman imagery of…
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Bridgwater Friary
Somerset
A Franciscan house founded by William Briwere in 1245 and dissolved in 1538.
- Near Bridgwater
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Brig o' Doon
South Ayrshire
Sold as a quarry to the builders of its replacement, then bought back before they could take it apart.
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Fortified place · Medieval
Bright Castle
Down
A heavily ruined late-medieval County Down tower house whose surviving east wall still records its vaulted floors, windows and parapet walk.
- Near Newcastle
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Sacred place · Medieval
Brightley Priory
Devon
Brightley was the short-lived first Cistercian religious house whose infertile land prompted a move to Thorncombe, creating the community that beca…
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Brightwell Castle
Oxfordshire
A castle between Didcot and Wallingford, in Berkshire until the boundary changes of 1974.
- Near Brightwell-cum-Sotwell
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Sacred place · Medieval
Brixworth Abbey
Northamptonshire
Brixworth’s lost monastic house is remembered through a church devastated in 876 and remade as All Saints’ in the tenth century.
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