Sacred place · Medieval
Canons Ashby Priory
Northamptonshire
A single parish church is nearly all that remains visible of a four-century Augustinian priory, a monastery run by a prior, yet a licensed watercou…
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Sacred place · Medieval
Canonsleigh Abbey
Devon
Canonsleigh Abbey preserves the fragmentary remains of a Devon religious house that changed from an Augustinian priory, a monastery headed by a pri…
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Roman
Canovium
Conwy
The largest Roman military installation in its area, placed at the lowest ford of the Conwy and occupied into the late fourth century.
- Near Caerhun
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Canterbury Castle
Kent
Canterbury Castle is a major Norman royal stronghold on the Dover–London road, whose Henry I keep, later jail use and industrial damage preserve th…
- Near Canterbury
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Canterbury Cathedral
Kent
Canterbury Cathedral is England’s historic primatial church: founded in 597, transformed by Thomas Becket’s 1170 martyrdom and the resulting pilgri…
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Canute's Palace
Hampshire
A late-Norman merchant's hall on Southampton's waterfront, saddled by a Victorian antiquarian (an early collector-scholar of antiquities, working b…
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Capel Lligwy
isle-of-anglesey
A roofless twelfth-century chapel on Anglesey whose purpose was never recorded, carrying an unusual sixteenth-century south chapel with a burial va…
- Near Moelfre
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Capler Camp
Herefordshire
Its Domesday-era name records it as a lookout post above the Wye: a purpose the double ramparts still make obvious a thousand years on.
- Near Fownhope
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Captain of St Mawes
Cornwall
St Mawes pairs an unusually ornate Henrician clover-leaf artillery fort with Pendennis across the Carrick Roads, showing how Tudor coastal defence…
- Near Penzance
- Some walking
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Building or ruin · Roman
Car Dyke
Lincolnshire
At over 57 miles it is the longest artificial waterway the Romans built anywhere in Britain, longer even than their canals on the Continent: and ar…
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Fortified place · Medieval
Cardiff Castle
Cardiff
A Roman fort, a Norman motte (the earthen mound a castle was raised on) with the largest earth mound built anywhere in Wales, and a Victorian fanta…
- Near Cardiff
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Roman
Cardiff Roman Fort
Cardiff
Beneath the mock-medieval towers of Cardiff Castle lie the walls of a Roman fort whose original Latin name has never been settled. Candidates drawn…
- Near Cardiff
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Fortified place · Medieval
Cardigan Castle
Ceredigion
A working medieval fortress became a private Regency house, then a near-ruin occupied by one woman for sixty years: until Cardigan itself brought i…
- Near Cardigan
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Cardigan Priory
Ceredigion
A Benedictine cell whose ownership was fought over by two English abbeys, then reused across nine centuries as mansion, poet's home and hospital.
- Near Cardigan
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Cardoness Castle
Dumfries and Galloway
Cardoness Castle is a remarkably preserved fifteenth-century Galloway tower house whose MacCulloch history, Gordon feud and state protection make i…
- Near Newton Stewart
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carew Castle
Pembrokeshire
Walls of Carboniferous limestone rising above a tidal millpond, carrying more than nine centuries of building.
- Near Carew
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Carfax Conduit
Oxfordshire
A Jacobean water-engineering marvel whose ornate centrepiece was dismantled and rebuilt whole in a country park, while its humble spring-house stil…
- Near Oxford
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Sacred place · Prehistoric
Carfury Standing Stone
Cornwall
The three-metre Carfury slab is unusually revealing because the 1957–58 excavation recorded its elliptical socket and packing stones, even though i…
- Near Penzance
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carisbrooke Castle
Isle of Wight
Carisbrooke Castle is the Isle of Wight’s strongest historic fortress, evolving from early defensive occupation to an Elizabethan bastioned fort an…
- Near Carisbrooke
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Carl Wark
South Yorkshire
A rampart (an encircling bank built for defence) described as unlike anything else in Northern England, guarding a cliff-edge enclosure whose build…
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carlingford Abbey
County Louth
Twin fifteenth-century towers turned a quiet Dominican church into something closer to a fortress, and the friars kept a claim on it, on and off, f…
- Near Carlingford
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carlisle Castle
Cumbria
A working stone keep (the great tower at a castle's heart) raised in the 1120s and fought over for the next 600 years, ending as the last English f…
- Near Carlisle
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carlisle Cathedral
Cumbria
England's second-smallest ancient cathedral holds the country's largest and most complex Flowing Decorated Gothic window, a rarity from an Augustin…
- Near Carlisle
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carlisle Dominican Friary
Cumbria
A vanished friary whose foundations, once dug into, turned out to sit directly on top of Roman Carlisle: one plot of ground holding two buried towns.
- Near Carlisle
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carlisle Franciscan Friary
Cumbria
One of a small number of Franciscan houses built inside a cathedral city, standing beside Carlisle Cathedral for three centuries before the Dissolu…
- Near Carlisle
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carlow Castle
County Carlow
Carlow Castle was Ireland’s first towered keep, a bold early-thirteenth-century design now reduced to its western wall and two corner towers.
- Near Carlow
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carlton Castle
Lincolnshire
Carlton Castle, known as Castle Hill, marks the site of a once substantial twelfth-century motte-and-bailey (an early Norman castle of a timber tow…
- Near Castle Carlton
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carmarthen Castle
Carmarthenshire
A castle destroyed and rebuilt at least six times in a single century, then site of a royal death that put a Tudor on the English throne a generati…
- Near Carmarthen
- Some walking
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carmelite Friary, Winchester
Hampshire
One of only four mendicant orders licensed to settle in medieval England, the White Friars kept a house in Winchester for two and a half centuries…
- Near Winchester
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carn Ban
Highland
A 30-metre chamber cut into compartments by upright stone slabs: one of the largest and best-preserved Clyde cairns in south-west Scotland, reached…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carn Brea Castle
Cornwall
Carn Brea turns a medieval chapel into a fantastical Basset hunting lodge perched directly on summit boulders, leaving possible earlier masonry vis…
- Near Penzance
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carn Glas
Highland
At 116 metres long, this three-part cairn (a mound of piled stones, often covering a burial) is the longest chambered burial monument yet recorded…
- Near Inverness
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Carn Liath (broch)
Highland
Excavated twice a century apart, its walls conceal a Bronze Age burial that predates the broch by centuries: the tower was built over an older grav…
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carnasserie Castle
Argyll and Bute
A ruined 16th-century tower house stands on raised ground about 2 kilometres north of Kilmartin, at the head of Kilmartin Glen in Argyll and Bute.…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carndochan Castle
Gwynedd
Carndochan Castle is a small Welsh stone castle on the Lliw Valley ridge, whose incomplete historical record is sharpened by recent excavation and…
- Near Llanuwchllyn
- Rough ground
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Building or ruin · Roman
Carpow Roman Fort
Perth and Kinross
A thirty-acre Roman fort at the meeting of the Tay and the Earn, held from the late second century into the early third.
- Near Carpow
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Building or ruin · Roman
Carrawburgh
Northumberland
Carrawburgh, Roman Brocolitia, is a Hadrian’s Wall fort whose civilian settlement and exceptional sanctuary group illuminate military life, religio…
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Fortified place · Prehistoric
Carreg Cennen Castle
Carmarthenshire
A cave beneath the walls holds its own freshwater spring, running deep into the hillside: the detail that let a fortress survive on a waterless lim…
- Near Llandeilo
- Rough ground
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Carreg Coetan Arthur
pembrokeshire
An early farming-period chambered tomb whose capstone and uprights preserve a small but legible piece of Pembrokeshire’s ancient funerary landscape.
- Near Newport
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carreg Samson
Pembrokeshire
A burial monument five thousand years old, half a mile west of Abercastle, known also as Samson's Stone and the Longhouse.
- Near Abercastle
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carreghofa Castle
Powys
A Marcher castle that changed hands at least six times in 135 years, was probably a silver mine as well as a fortress, and was traded once for a pr…
- Near Carreghofa
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrick Castle
Argyll and Bute
A Campbell stronghold built on a rock in Loch Goil, hosted a hunting king and a queen's overnight stay, then was deliberately burned by a Royal Nav…
- Near Carrick Castle
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrickabraghy Castle
County Donegal
A rock accessible only at low tide gave one clan control of Inishowen's coast for four centuries, then hid the peninsula's last great lord as he pl…
- Near Clonmany
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrickkildavnet Castle
County Mayo
A four-storey tower built to watch a narrow sea-passage became one of the strongholds of Grace O'Malley, the sixteenth-century pirate queen of the…
- Near Achill
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carrigagulla
County Cork
One hillside carries three separate kinds of megalithic monument together, and its carved stone was carried off to a city museum decades after bein…
- Near Macroom
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carriganass Castle
County Cork
A tower house perched directly over the Ouvane river, built by an O'Sullivan Beare chief and captured in the campaign that followed Kinsale: now a…
- Near Kealkill
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrigaphooca Castle
County Cork
A five-storey tower raised by one branch of the MacCarthys just as another rebuilt Blarney nearby: and a refuge for a lord pardoned by Elizabeth I…
- Near Macroom
- Rough ground
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carrigaphooca Stone Circle
County Cork
Carrigaphooca preserves the diminished remains of a County Cork stone circle, where three stones still mark a small National Monument beside a cast…
- Near Macroom
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrignacurra Castle
County Cork
One of only three Cork tower houses built with a triangular gun-loop bastion called a redan, and the only one where a dig turned up coins two centu…
- Near Macroom
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrigrohane Castle
County Cork
Carrigrohane Castle overlooks the River Lee from a Cork cliff edge, combining a MacCarthy-associated stronghold, Confederate-Wars decline, nineteen…
- Near Cork
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Carrock Fell
Cumbria
A rare outcrop of gabbro in a range of crumbling slate, its summit crowned by an Iron Age hillfort, a defended hilltop settlement from the centurie…
- Near Keswick
- Rough ground
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carrow Abbey
Norfolk
Carrow Abbey preserves a Benedictine nunnery’s unusually detailed history of female governance, legal dispute and financial recovery, followed by d…
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carrowmore
County Sligo
One of Ireland's largest Neolithic, the closing Stone Age, roughly 4000–2500 BC, tomb clusters, with 30 surviving monuments forming the centre of a…
- Near Sligo
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carrownlisheen Wedge Tomb
County Galway
A wedge tomb: a Neolithic tomb whose chamber narrows and drops towards the back: raised in the first farming age, roughly 4000–2500 BC, and survivi…
- Near Carna
- Easy path
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Building or ruin · Roman
Carsington Roman Villa
Derbyshire
The pink mica-sandstone roof would have glittered against the green Derbyshire hills, marking out a stone building that otherwise resembled a large…
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carsluith Castle
Dumfries and Galloway
Carsluith Castle is a sixteenth-century Galloway tower house whose Lindsay and Brown history, Catholic recusancy and surviving hall-and-stair archi…
- Near Newton Stewart
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Building or ruin · Medieval
Carswell Medieval House
Pembrokeshire
A Grade II* listed stone ruin of a medieval tenant farm at Penally, near St Florence.
- Near Penally
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Cartington Castle
Northumberland
Cartington Castle is a partly restored Northumberland ruin whose medieval pele tower, Royalist siege, and nineteenth-century conservation trace cen…
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Sacred place · Medieval
Cartmel Priory
Cumbria
When Henry VIII's commissioners came to demolish the priory, the parish church alone survived: saved only because villagers petitioned to keep thei…
- Near Cartmel
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Cartmel Priory Gatehouse
Cumbria
One of only two structures left standing from an entire monastic complex, it escaped demolition at the Reformation, the sixteenth-century break wit…
- Near Cartmel
- Easy path
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carwynnen Quoit
Cornwall
Carwynnen Quoit is a Neolithic (the first farming age, roughly 4000–2500 BC) portal dolmen whose ten-ton capstone was re-erected after almost half…
- Near Camborne
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Cary Castle
Somerset
A castle a king abandoned the siege of Bristol to attack: and starved out rather than broke into.
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Fortified place · Medieval
Caskieben
Aberdeenshire
A timber tower's mound and moat still trace the outline beneath Keith Hall, a mansion that grew from Z-plan castle to Georgian seat over seven cent…
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castallack Round
Cornwall
Castallack Round preserves the rampart (a defensive bank of earth or stone) of a Cornish enclosed settlement and the remains of a later courtyard h…
- Near Lamorna
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Aberlleiniog
Isle of Anglesey
A Norman stronghold that lost a pitched siege to a returning Welsh prince in 1094, with 124 defenders killed: one of the rare Anglesey castles whos…
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Arnallt
Monmouthshire
A Welsh ruler's fortified court, wiped out in one night of retribution for a Christmas massacre at Abergavenny Castle in 1175.
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Building or ruin · Prehistoric
Castell Bryn Gwyn
isle-of-anglesey
A grass-covered bank enclosing a level circle 54 metres across, first raised in the Neolithic: the last age of stone tools: and rebuilt in the Iron…
- Near Brynsiencyn
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castell Caer Seion
Conwy
Castell Caer Seion is an Iron Age (roughly 800 BC until the Roman conquest) Conwy hillfort (a defended hilltop settlement of the Iron Age) with a r…
- Near Conwy
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castell Cawr
Conwy
An Iron Age hillfort (a hilltop site enclosed by ramparts of earth) in woodland above Abergele, noted by antiquaries alongside the traces of a Roma…
- Near Conwy
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Coch
cardiff
Three Victorian-roofed towers rise from the remains of a thirteenth-century stronghold, making Castell Coch a deliberate meeting of medieval ruin a…
- Near Tongwynlais
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Fortified place · Prehistoric
Castell Dinas
Powys
The highest castle in England or Wales, built in stone inside the ramparts of an Iron Age hillfort a thousand years older: a defended hilltop settl…
- Near Talgarth
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Prehistoric
Castell Dinas Brân
Denbighshire
A ruined stone castle crowning an Iron Age hillfort, built by a Welsh prince as a buffer against England: then burned by its own defenders rather t…
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Du
Powys
A castle of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd that appears once in the documents, in 1271, and is never mentioned again.
- Near Sennybridge
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Gwallter
Ceredigion
A Norman motte still stands unbreached by a single stone wall: its timber tower long gone but the earthworks and ditches that ringed it remain almo…
- Near Llandre
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castell Henllys
Pembrokeshire
Four roundhouses and a granary reconstructed on their excavated foundations inside a defended enclosure of the pre-Roman centuries.
- Near Nevern
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Meredydd
Newport
Castell Meredydd preserves a compact, contested thirteenth-century Welsh castle where Morgan ap Hywel resisted marcher pressure, a round tower and…
- Near Machen
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell Moel
carmarthenshire
Castell Moel preserves two uncertain stories at Llangain: the overgrown remains of a late-medieval hall house and a reported earlier castle mound n…
- Near Carmarthen
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castell Nadolig
Ceredigion
A farmer's spade here turned up the Penbryn Spoons, a pair of Iron Age (roughly 800 BC until the Roman conquest) bronze divination tools now held i…
- Near Aberystwyth
- Some walking
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castell y Bere
ceredigion
Castell y Bere is Llywelyn the Great's long, rock-bound castle in the Dysynni Valley, later captured by Edward I and abandoned after a Welsh revolt.
- Near Llanfihangel-y-pennant
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Castercliff
Lancashire
Castercliff is a scheduled Iron Age (the period from roughly 800 BC to the Roman conquest) multivallate hillfort, a settlement defended by multiple…
- Near Colne
- Rough ground
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Casterley Camp
Wiltshire
A very large enclosure on the Wiltshire downs from the Iron Age, from about 800 BC until the Romans came, which may never have been defensive and w…
- Near Upavon
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Fortified place · Medieval
Castle Acre Castle and town walls
Norfolk
Castle Acre is an exceptional planned medieval landscape where a Norman castle, Cluniac monastery, deer park and walled settlement were consciously…
- Some walking
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More places
Briefer entries: recorded and worth knowing, with fuller pages to come.
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Building or ruin · Roman
Canterbury Roman Museum
Kent
Canterbury Roman Museum preserves an in-situ c.300 mosaic pavement and hypocaust discovered after wartime bombing, making the buried courtyard hous…
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Canwell Priory
Staffordshire
A tenant destroyed the ruins in the seventeenth century after exhuming coffins and forming a pool of water below them. What looks like medieval wor…
- Near Hints
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Fortified place · Prehistoric
Carbury Castle, County Kildare
County Kildare
Carbury Castle layers a Norman castle mound, medieval fortress and Colley manor on the ancestral landscape of the Dukes of Wellington.
- Near Carbury
- Rough ground
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Sacred place · Medieval
Cardinham Grange
Cornwall
Cardinham Grange records the transfer of a Norman-era religious gift into the monastic economy of Tywardreath and, after dissolution (Henry VIII's…
- Near Penzance
- Easy path
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carisbrooke Priory
Isle of Wight
Carisbrooke Priory represents both a medieval Norman dependency dissolved in wartime politics and a separate modern Dominican community that later…
- Near Newport
-
Sacred place
Carmelite Monastery, Wolverhampton
West Midlands
A community of enclosed Carmelite nuns has kept a life of prayer running in the middle of an industrial Midlands city since 1922, having crossed fr…
- Near Wolverhampton
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Carved stone · Iron Age
Carminow Cross
Cornwall
Carminow’s pierced-wheel head, separate shaft and Victorian base make it a distinctive Cornish wayside cross whose repeated moves reveal changing t…
- Near Penzance
- Easy path
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carn Ban, Arran
North Ayrshire
Carn Ban is one of south-west Scotland’s best-known Neolithic (the first farming period in Britain, roughly 4000–2500 BC) Clyde cairns, preserving…
- Near Kilmory
- Easy path
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Fortified place · Iron Age
Carn Euny
Cornwall
Carn Euny preserves the visible stone houses and a 20-metre fogou of a settlement occupied from the Iron Age (from around 800 BC up to the Roman co…
- Near Penzance
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Medieval
Carncorran Glebe
County Tyrone
Carncorran Glebe preserves the Giant’s Grave, a stone burial chamber from before written records whose unusually mismatched three-metre uprights cr…
- Near Dungannon
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carra Castle, Antrim
County Antrim
Carra layers a late-medieval coastal residence over ground used for flint working in the middle Stone Age, roughly 9000–4000 BC, and became the sce…
- Near Cushendall
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carraig á Mhaistin stone
County Cork
Carraig á Mhaistin is a megalithic tomb at Cork Harbour’s tidal edge, where water, seaweed and a nearby cairn (a mound of piled stones, often cover…
- Near Kinsale
- Rough ground
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Sacred place · Medieval
Carrick Church
County Fermanagh
Carrick Church binds a 1483 O’Flanagan foundation to a 1528 family murder, while its graveyard and holy-well tradition preserve a long-lived sacred…
- Near Enniskillen
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrickfergus Castle
County Antrim
Carrickfergus Castle is a rare, deeply layered Norman waterfront fortress whose changing defences map centuries of power on Belfast Lough.
- Near Carrickfergus
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrickmines Castle
County Dublin
Carrickmines matters because its Anglo-Norman frontier defences, massacre history and M50 campaign made buried archaeology a public argument about…
- Near Dublin
- Easy path
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carricknagat Megalithic Tombs
County Leitrim
Two very different Neolithic tombs stand within sight of each other here: a long wedge-shaped gallery grave known as the Giant's Grave, and a dolme…
- Near Manorhamilton
- Some walking
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Tomb or burial place · Prehistoric
Carrigans, County Tyrone
County Tyrone
Carrigans is an 859-acre County Tyrone townland where a Scheduled burial monument with an open court before its chambers gives deep archaeological…
- Near Omagh
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Fortified place · Medieval
Carrigogunnell
County Limerick
Carrigogunnell Castle sits on an outcrop of volcanic trap rock near the village of Clarina, County Limerick, its ruined keep still overlooking the…
- Near Caherconlish
- Rough ground
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